經濟、能源消費及政策工具與碳排放關係之研究
—以台灣產業部門之實證研究為例

經濟成長與環境品質之間的關係，一直是全球暖化日益嚴重情況下須重視的問題，如何在經濟成長與環境保護之間找到平衡就顯得相當重要。本文爰參考歷有文獻探討環境品質與經濟成長之間是否呈現環境庫志耐曲線(Environment Kuznets curve, EKC)之倒U關係。據此，本文的研究對象係以台灣的產業部門為主（包括農業、工業、服務業及運輸等），整體樣本期間自1990起至2018年之追蹤資料進行實證分析，探討經濟、能源消費及政策工具對於經與碳排放關係。實證結果發現，環境品質與經濟成長之間呈現U型之關係，台灣之U型EKC顯示國家發展過程中政府政策對環境品質控管有逐漸惡化之趨勢，說明了國家的政策工具引導方向及產業別方向之發展，對環境品質有顯著相關的影響，故監理單位應加強環境品質之控管。

關鍵字

環境庫志耐曲線；能源消費；產業結構；貿易條件；環境稅(費)

並列摘要

The relationship between economic growth and environmental quality has always been a problem that must be paid attention to when global warming is becoming more and more serious. How to find a balance between economic growth and environmental protection is very important. Based on this motivation and based on the previous literature Whether there is an inverted U relationship between Environmental Quality and Economic Growth (Environment Kuznets curve, EKC), this study uses carbon dioxide as an environmental variable, and uses gross domestic product as energy consumption, industrial structure, trade conditions and Environmental tax (fee) is an economic variable. The data is used for research and analysis to study the research of Taiwan’s departments according to the year and based on agriculture apartment, industry apartment, service apartment, and transportation apartment. The overall sample period includes the time series from 1990 to 2018. Information, and in-depth discussion of fixed effects and random effects. The empirical results show that there is a U relationship between environmental quality and economic growth. Taiwan’s U-shaped EKC shows that the government policy has gradually deteriorated the environmental quality control during the development of the country, indicating the direction of national policy tools and the direction of industry.The development has a significant and relevant impact on environmental quality, so the supervisory unit should strengthen the control of environmental quality.