市場結構與共享經濟模型: 所有權、租賃與使用

A Model of the Marketing Structure and Sharing Economy: Owning, Using and Renting

王詩涵(Shih-Han, Wang)

指導教授 ： 蔡政言

淡江大學/商管學院/國際企業學系碩士班/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2018.00972

摘要

在近幾年來，共享經濟越來越有名。共享經濟漸漸地發展為一種替代方案，可以滿足消費者各種需求，而且也廣泛性的影響社會，例如:住宿和交通。儘管是剛起步的階段，但是卻以一系列的服務和透過技術點對點(P2P)的交換為出名，例如:Airbnb和Uber。作為一種新型的經濟模型，可以利用簡單的模型來了解P2P的最適價格和數量，及其均衡。由於剛起步的階段，可能會面臨到如果共享經濟市場被壟斷了。在壟斷之下，P2P租賃市場人有供給和需求，但是和完全競爭相比之下，獨佔的P2P租賃市場的租金率較高，均衡數量相對較低，導致社會福利下降；再者目前只有少數幾家公司掌握平台和資源，就會造成雙重獨佔的現象，即使在雙重獨佔之下，P2P租賃市場還是有供給、需求和均衡的存在，但是租金率上漲，均衡數量下降，且社會福利也下降。

關鍵字

租賃 ； 共享經濟 ； 點對點市場 ； 交易成本 ； 雙重邊際化 ； 垂直整合 ； Airbnb ； Uber

並列摘要

The sharing economy has grown into a feasible alternative to satisfy variable consumer needs, from vehicles to accommodations. The vastness and social impacts has increased with the growth of the sharing economy. As a new type of economy, P2P’s price and quantity can be understood through a simple model. In the monopolistic P2P rental market, there has not only can be supply and demand with no limitation of market structure form perfect competition to monopoly, but also an equilibrium. The monopolistic market compared to the perfect competition, the exclusive market rental rate is relatively high, while the quantity is relatively low, and resulting in declining social welfare. Only few companies handle sharing economy at present, they grasp platforms and supply (owners) resource. We assume that the platform and supply resource are the exclusive market to explore the quantity and price. Even though the P2P rental market is double-marginalization, the market can still exist and the market price can applicate. We also found that quantity declines and so does social welfare; on the contrary, the price is rising under double-marginalization.

並列關鍵字

Rentals ； Airbnb ； Uber ； sharing economy ； peer-to-peer markets ； transaction costs ； double marginalization ； vertical integration

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