中國區塊鏈應用發展

區塊鏈（Blockchain）是近年非常熱門的名詞，其基礎應用技術比特幣（Bitcoin），更是紅遍大街小巷。區塊鏈不是一個新的名詞，他在2008年就被中本聰先生提出，可是礙於當時的硬體設施效能，應用能力有限，近年來中央處理器，其內容包括分布式數據儲存、點對點傳輸、共識機制、加密演算法等；能應用的層面之廣泛。具體區塊鏈能解決的問題有很多，目前最為廣泛應用的就是金融行業，其中有最廣為人知的比特幣，以及資產數據化交易、智能合約、支付與轉帳功能。區塊鏈是全球正蓬勃發展的技術應用，它的本質是一種分散式帳本，其特點包含去中心化、不可竄改、交易可追本溯源、隱匿式公開資料等，透過以上特性，可以針對各式產業開發使用不同用途的區塊鏈。值得注意的是中國在區塊鏈中所辦演的角色，儘管發展較晚，2016年中國新增加的區塊鏈企業數超過美國，佔全球比例28%，4家中國礦池掌控了70%的全網算力，如果這些算力結合到一起，那麼意味著能夠控制比特幣市場。但是這些目前這些區塊鏈應用還處於初級階段，中國更針對區塊鏈執行更多管制；如《區塊鏈信息服務管理》等相關法規，儘管如此，中國官方仍鼓勵企業繼續研究區塊鏈技術。本研究將使用文獻探討與個案分析研究探討中國在區塊鏈的應用與發展上所辦演的角色，觀察區塊鏈在中國的發展進程、現況與未來規劃，從中獲取經驗以分析預測未來的發展。

關鍵字

中國；區塊鏈；比特幣；分散式帳本；智能合約

並列摘要

Blockchain is very popular in recent years, and its basic application technology, Bitcoin, is even more popular all over the world. It was proposed by Mr. Nakamoto in 2008. However, due to the hardware performance at the time and limited application capabilities, the central processor in recent years, including distributed data storage, peer-to-peer Transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, etc. It has a wide range of applications. There are many problems that can be solved by specific Blockchains. Currently, the most widely used financial industry is the most well-known bitcoin, as well as asset data transactions, smart contracts, payment and transfer functions. It is worth noting that China’s role in the Blockchain, despite its late development, has increased the number of newly added Blockchain companies in the United States in 2016, accounting for 28% of the global total, and 4 Chinese pools control 70%. The full network computing power, if these computing powers are combined, means that the Bitcoin market can be controlled. China is implementing more regulations on Blockchains; such as “Blockchain information service management” and other relevant regulations,However, Chinese officials still encourage companies to continue to study Blockchain. technology. This study will use literature discussion and case study to explore the role of China and the application and development of Blockchain, observe the development process, current situation and future planning of Blockchain in China, and gain experience from it to analyze and predict the future.