成年初期者童年逆境經驗正向影響之因素與發展

本研究以質化研究的角度看見個體在童年逆境經驗中的正向發展,有別於過往量化研究中將個體的童年逆境經驗視為問題,並給予負向標籤,看不見個人主體性。本研究先採用個別訪談法、再透過焦點團體訪談法蒐集資料,並以敘事分析法分析成年初期者童年逆境經驗正向影響的因素與發展。此外,也從中發掘社會文化的問題,以了解童年逆境經驗的根源。研究發現: 一個成年初期者至少有兩個以上的童年逆境經驗,以父母離婚或分居的比例最高;情感虐待、情感忽視的比例為第二高;性虐待、身體虐待比例為第三高。本研究將正向影響的因素分為兩大類,敘事、遠離受虐物理環境,皆為創造心理空間為目的。詳細正向影響的因素有 23 個。將正向發展分為七大類,個人力量的提升、新的可能性、更親密的人際關係、靈性成長、自主權的提升、人格上的轉變,以及成年後能比童年快樂。詳細的正向發展有 18 個。本研究提供成年初期者童年逆境經驗正向影響的模型,以說明成年子女透過正向影響的因素找回真實自我,以正向發展。社會的兩大問題,為童年逆境經驗的根源:一、主流文化之負向價值觀壓迫個人的主體性,帶來羞恥感、罪惡感與恐懼。二、社會倡導有毒的男子氣概特質,促使人缺乏心理空間覺察陰影、情緒流動、展現脆弱,以及尚未找回真實的自我。本研究也提供三個後續研究建議,以深入探討童年逆境經驗的正向發展:主流文化之正向價值觀對個體發展的影響、親子關係互動緊張至親密的轉變,以及家庭成員發展之差異。

關鍵字

成年初期者；童年逆境經驗；正向影響；因素；發展

並列摘要

This study sees the positive development of individuals in childhood adversity experience from the perspective of qualitative research, which is different from previous quantitative research that regards individual childhood adversity experience as a problem, and gives it a negative label, without seeing individual subjectivity. In this study, individual interviews were used first, then focus group interviews were used to collect data, and narrative analysis was used to analyze the factors and development of the positive impact of childhood adversity experiences in early adulthood. In addition, sociocultural issues are explored to understand the origins of childhood adversity experiences. The study found: A person in early adulthood has at least two or more childhood adversity experiences, with the highest rate of parental divorce or separation; the second highest rate of emotional abuse and emotional neglect; and the third highest rate of sexual abuse and physical abuse. This study divides the positive influencing factors into two categories, narrative and physical escape from abuse, both for the purpose of creating psychological space. There are 23 detailed positive factors. Positive development is grouped into seven categories, personal empowerment, new possibilities, closer relationships, spiritual growth, increased autonomy, transformation in personality, and being happier as an adult than in childhood. There are 18 detailed positive development. This study provides a model of the positive impact of childhood adversity experiences in early adulthood, so as to explain that adult children can find their true self and develop positively through positive factors. Two major social problems are the root of childhood adversity experience: First, the negative values of mainstream culture oppress individual subjectivity, bringing shame, guilt and fear. Second, society promotes toxic masculinity traits that promote a lack of mental space to perceive shadows, emotional flow, vulnerability, and a lack of true self. This study also provides three follow-up research recommendations to further explore the positive development of childhood adversity experiences: the impact of positive values of the dominant culture on individual development, the transition from strained parent-child interaction to intimacy, and differences in the development of family members.