老人自覺健康與社會互動之相關因素探討
-以臺南市社區關懷據點為例

人口高齡化已為全球趨勢，當前世界各國均以「在地老化」為因應高齡問題之共同策略，主張增進高齡者與社會互動，促進身心健康。依此我國政府建立以「社區」為基礎之社區照顧關懷據點，期待為讓老人透過與鄰里居民間的互動及活動過程的賦予權能，肯定自我價值、促進健康狀況並活躍老化。因此，本研究目的旨在探討參與社區關懷據點老人自覺健康與社會互動的相關性。本研究採用橫斷式問卷調查法蒐集研究資料，立意取樣臺南市新市區社區關懷據點年滿65歲以上老人、表達能力清楚、可以回答或願意填寫問卷者為研究對象，共取得有效樣本92人，以描述性統計及t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森相關進行統計分析。研究結果發現，有工作及與配偶同住的老人，且持續參與據點活動的老人自覺「生理」健康顯著較佳；有工作及接受健康促進活動且參與頻率及時間較多的老人，或於非參與活動時間仍至據點的老人其社會互動顯著較好；此外，老人自覺生理及心理健康與社會互動具有正相關。本研究結果期待能作為政府單位及社區關懷據點在政策與服務串連的參考，讓長者能持續積極的社會參與，以正向的連帶關係，增強鄰里關係網絡之社會支持功能，落實健康的生活，促進獨立自主，提高老年生活品質。

關鍵字

社區關懷據點；自覺健康；社會互動

並列摘要

With the growing trend of aging population, all countries in the world adopt the “aging in place” as a common strategy to cope with the problem of seniority, advocating to promote the interaction between the elderly and the society to strengthen physical and mental health. In Taiwan, the government has established community-based care centers in the hope of empowering the elderly to interact with their neighbors, affirm their self-value, and promote health conditions; that is, active ageing. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between self-rated health and social interaction of the elderly in community care centers. A cross-sectional survey design was conducted for the elderly who were over 65 in care centers of Sinshih district of Tainan City. The elderly had an ability of clear expression and could answer or fill out the questionnaire. Analysis was done on a total of 92 valid samples by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation. The result found that the elderly working and living with their spouses and continuing to participate in the activities of the care centers have significant better on physical health. Those who have jobs, and have more frequency and time to participate in health promotion activities, or the elderly who still go to the care centers during non-participation activities have significant better on social interactions. In addition, the Self-rated physical and mental health of the elderly has a close relation to social interaction. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for government agencies and community care centers in terms of the connection between policies and service. It is hoped that this study helps promote constant and active social interactions among the elderly, strengthen the social support of the neighborhood network, and thus the elderly’s quality of life as well as their independence can be improved.