社區老人睡眠品質及其相關因素探討

Sleep Quality and Its Related Factors in Community Dwelling Elders

曾銀貞(Yn-Jen Tzeng)

指導教授 ： 廖玟君 ； 曾月霞

中山醫學大學/護理學院/護理研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2007.00010

摘要

睡眠是很重要的功能，然而老年人的睡眠障礙盛行率高。睡眠品質優劣反應個人身心狀況。本研究目的主要為探討社區老人睡眠品質及其相關因素。本研究方法為橫斷式相關設計 (cross-sectional correlation design)。研究個案採等比例取樣法，抽樣桃園縣龜山鄉三個村，依照三區六十五歲以上的老人人口數佔用母群體多寡，等比例決定各區樣本數，A村15位，B村15位，C村215位，共245位。本研究工具採用結構式問卷，以「匹茲堡睡眠品質指標量表」、「醫院焦慮及憂鬱量表」、「福氏壓力對失眠之反應測試」、「睡眠環境評估」，收集村里老人的個人基本屬性、心理社會狀態、睡眠環境（自變項），睡眠品質包括主觀睡眠品質、睡眠潛伏期、睡眠時數、睡眠效率、睡眠困擾、安眠藥之使用、日間功能障礙等之影響（依變項），所得資料以SPSS 12.0套裝軟體進行描述性及推論性統計。
研究結果：本研究個案年齡平均76.2歲（標準差6.4），多數為男性佔60.4%，以三代同堂居多68.2 %，慢性病數至少一種有91.4%，日常功能活動獨立88.2%，主要休閒活動是散步62.0%，看電視51.8%，30.6%有運動。睡眠效率85.9 %（標準差16.7），醒來次數 1.5次（標準差1.2），睡眠潛伏66.0分鐘（標準差78.0），睡眠品質平均得分7.7（標準差4.3），自覺睡眠品質差 (PSQI > 5) 有59.2%。疾病、憂鬱、焦慮、休閒、失眠壓力、環境音量、噪音干擾度與睡眠品質是有相關的。顯示疾病、心理社會狀態、環境噪音干擾是影響社區老人睡眠品質因素。

關鍵字

老人 ； 睡眠品質 ； 心理社會狀態

並列摘要

Sleep is an important function which reflects an individual’s physical and psychological state. However, the prevalence of sleep problem in elders is high. The purpose of this study was to explore sleep quality and its related factors in community dwelling elderly. A cross-sectional correlation design was used. Five hundred and two elders (≧65 years) from three villages in north Taiwan were visted and 245 elders were recruited and completed study. A face-to-face interview was conducted by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Ford Insomnia Stress Response Test (FIRST), and the Barthal Activity of Daily Living Index. The mean age of elders were 76.2±6.4 years. Most of them were male (60.4％), lived with spouse and offspring (68.2％), had at least one kind of chronic disease but in stable condition (91.4%), and can perform ADL independently (88.2％). The major leisure activities were walking (62.0％) and watching TV (51.8％). Only 30.6％ of them had regular exercise. Results showed that the mean sleep efficiency (85.9±16.7%) and awaken numbers during sleep (1.5±1.2 times) were acceptable, but the sleep latency (66.0±78.0 min) was prolonged. Variation of perceived sleep quality among individuals was high. The mean global PSQI score was 7.7±4.3, and 59.2% of subjects were identified as poor sleepers (PSQI > 5). Poorer sleep was associated with disease (r =0.39, p=0.000) , depression (r=0.41, p=0.000), anxiety (r=0.54, p=0.000), less leisure activities (r=0.25, p=0.000), more insomnia stress response (r=0.42, p=0.000), environmental sounds (r=0.25, p=0.000) and ambient noise (r=0.25, p=0.000). Disease, psychological status, and environmental noise are factors to affect sleep in community dwelling elders.

並列關鍵字

Elders ； sleep quality ； psychosocial status

參考文獻

李宇宙（2000）–身心疾病之睡眠障礙–台灣醫學，4（6），673-679。

李宇宙（2005）–失眠症的臨床評估與處置–台灣醫學，9（3），346-353。

林嘉玲、蘇東平、張媚（2003）–機構老人之睡眠品質及其相關因素–臺灣醫學，7（2），174-184。

林嘉玲、潘美玉、張媚（2006）–社區老人睡眠品質之探討–臺灣醫學，10（4），438-446。

邱銘章（2005）–神經疾患之睡眠障礙–台灣醫學，9（3），354-360。