建築業勞工懸浮微粒與結晶型游離二氧化矽暴露評估

Construction Workers’ Suspended Particulate Matter and Crystalline Free Silica Exposure Assessment

楊子慶(Tzu-Ching Yang)

指導教授 ： 毛義方

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/職業安全衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2013.00026

摘要

本研究為了解建築工程中工人暴露懸浮微粒及結晶型游離二氧化矽程度，選取三個不同工地，甲工地為建築室內造作工程、乙工地為地基開挖工程、丙工地為主體結構工程。
本研究參考勞工委員會分析建議方法(CLA 4003-可呼吸性結晶型游離二氧化矽分析方法)，並利用個人採樣器與環境採樣器連結採樣幫浦進行採樣，樣本以六位數精密天秤分析可呼吸性粉塵重量濃度，以X光繞射儀(x-ray diffraction; XRD)分析作業環境空氣中可呼吸性粉塵樣品中結晶型游離二氧化矽含量百分比，評估其危害。
可呼吸粉塵重量濃度分析結果甲工地重量濃度PM10、PM2.5、呼吸性粉塵(PM4.0)依序為1561.47±783.47μg/m3、740.08±378.01μg/m3、428.98±
191.21μg/m3，甲工地PM10參考背景濃度為58.99±18.72μg/m3。乙工地PM10、PM2.5、呼吸性粉塵(PM4.0)平均重量濃度依序202.19±132.04μg/m3、178.51±104.30μg/m3、71.35±88. 34μg/m3；乙工地PM10背景值平均重量濃度為106.17±23.68μg/m3。丙工地重量濃度分析結果PM10、PM2.5、呼吸性粉塵(PM4.0)平均重量濃度依序200.48±91.98μg/m3、170.52±141.39
μg/m3、164.12±321.16μg/m3；丙工地PM10參考背景值平均重量濃度為87.47±53.8μg/m3；丙工地個人採樣重量濃度分析結果PM10濃度平均為552.89μg/m3，PM2.5濃度平均為492.99μg/m3。懸浮微粒粉塵有效樣本數為177個。
可呼吸性粉塵結晶型游離二氧化矽分析結果，環境採樣部分甲、乙、丙工地分別為0.1453mg/m3、0.0377 mg/m3、0.0284mg/m3，其粉塵結晶型游離二氧化矽含量百分比分別為0.09%、0.13%、0.11%；個人採樣部分，暴露濃度為0.0717 mg/m3，其粉塵結晶型游離二氧化矽含量百分比為0.13%，共採89個樣本。
本研究發現工地作業環境粉塵中PM10、PM2.5皆明顯高於室外工作場所，甲工地PM10、PM2.5高於背景濃度27-54倍，乙工地PM10、PM2.5高於背景濃度5倍，丙工地PM10、PM2.5高於背景濃度11-7.5倍；結晶型游離二氧化矽分析結果發現結晶型游離二氧化矽暴露濃度，室內(甲工地)為室外作業場所(乙、丙工地)的5-7倍，個人採樣為環境採樣的3倍(丙工地)，其濃度低於國內空氣中粉塵容許濃度標準69%。分析結果結晶型游離二氧化矽平均濃度超過NIOSH所訂定結晶型游離二氧化矽建議暴露值與ACGIH恕限值，本研究平均暴露濃度0.1453 mg/m3分別高於NIOSH建議暴露值2.9倍，ACGIH恕限值5.8倍。其因為作業內容、作業材料與通風設備設置不全的緣故，造成室內作業環境粉塵及結晶型游離二氧化矽暴露濃度相對開放式建築工地高出許多，作業勞工可能增加暴露風險，研究結果提供有價值的建築工程業作業勞工暴露評估參考。

關鍵字

建築作業勞工 ； PM10 ； PM4.0 ； PM2.5 ； 結晶型游離二氧化矽 ； X光繞射

並列摘要

The object of this research was to identify the construction workers’ respirable dust and crystalline free silica exposure. Three different construction sites were selected , A sampling site, indoor construction work ;B sampling site, basement construction work and C sampling site, main frame construction work, respectively.
In this study, the sampling and analysis method(CLA4003-Respirable Crystalline Free Silica) proposed by Council of Labor Affairs was used for personal and environmental sampling in three construction site. The dust collected filter papers were measure with six-figure micro–volume electronic weighing scales to analysis respirable dust, and detect the respirable dust samples on crystalline free silica content by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
The results of PM10 levels of A sampling site, B sampling site and C sampling site concentration were 1561.47±783.47μg/m3、740.08±378.01μg/m3、200.48±91.98μg/m3,respectively, PM2.5 levels of A sampling site, B sampling site and C sampling site concentration were 1033.24±1562.89μg/m3、178.51±104.30μg/m3、170.52±141.39μg/m3,respectively,respirable dust(PM4.0) levels of A sampling site, B sampling site and C sampling site concentration were428.98
±191.21μg/m3,71.35±88.34μg/m3,164.12±321.16μg/m3,respectively, we found that A site indoor exposure was 27-54times of outdoor(reference background),the total sample is 177.
The results of respirable crystalline free silica concentration and percentage of silica content in dust , the environment sampling level of A site, B site and C site concentration were 0.1453mg/m3( 0.09%), 0.0377mg/m3( 0.13%), 0.0284
mg/m3( 0.11%), respectively. The personal sampling level of C site exposure concentration was 0.0717 mg/m3( 0.13%), we found that in A site concentration of crystalline free silica was 5-7 times of those of B and C site, and personal sampling concentration was 3 times of environment sampling(C site), the total sample is 89.
The result of this study showed that crystalline free silica was not exceed the limits for occupational exposure standard of national regulations of Taiwan, it is lower than the standard by 69%; but the exposure of more than 2.9 times the NIOSH-REL of 0.05mg/m3 and more than 5.8 times the ACGIH-TLV of 0.025mg/m3 .The result of study provide a value reference of construction workers’ exposure.

並列關鍵字

Construction workers ； PM10 ； PM4.0 ； PM2.5 ； crystalline free silica ； X-ray diffraction

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