應用可去除干擾氣體與修正揮發損失的新式氣膠採樣器於金門PM10的氣膠組成監測與污染來源鑑別

Applying the novel aerosol sampler for removing interference gas and modifying volatilization loss to characterize the chemical compositions and pollutant sources in Kinmen.

蔡羽貞(Yu-Jen Tsai)

指導教授 ： 張士昱

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/公共衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2016年)

摘要

氣膠的化學組成與濃度對於污染物來源的辨別及健康風險評估是相當重要的，然而美國聯邦參考方法(Federal Reference Method, FRM)中的氣膠採樣器，其採樣結果會受到氣體吸附以及氣膠揮發損失的干擾，此干擾可能會影響氣膠的化學組成與濃度。本研究中發展的ACME DF 400 (Air Composition Measuring Equipment Denuder-Filter 400)氣膠採樣器中，配有氣固相分離器(Denuer)以及三階段的濾紙組。ACME DF 400 (Air composition measuring equipment denuder-filter 400)對於NH3吸附效率經過一天的採樣後仍有91%，且微粒損失影響不顯著。根據ACME DF 400與FRM氣膠採樣器在105年春季於金門進行連續一個月的PM10質量濃度採集，指出平均的正偏差(氣體的吸附)與負偏差(氣膠揮發損失)分別為32.78%±14.45%與14.79%±4.03%。FRM採樣器的PM10質量濃度大部分時間高於ACME DF 400，主要原因為FRM採樣器並未使用氣固相分離器去除干擾氣體而產生正偏差影響。高污染事件日的PM10質量濃度高於平常日2倍，然而，高污染事件與平常日的氣膠組成相似，可能原因為兩者的氣流軌跡皆經過大陸沿海地區，但高污染事件時的氣流軌跡更接近地面，並傳輸較多的地面污染物至金門地區。由受體模式辨別出四個污染來源與貢獻PM10平均質量濃度，分別為海鹽與塵土(27.8%)、傳輸型硫酸鹽(14.1%)、二次氣膠與生質燃燒(44.6%)以及傳輸型生質燃燒(13.5%)。

關鍵字

氣膠採樣器 ； 採樣偏差 ； 氣固相分離器 ； 揮發損失

並列摘要

The chemical compositions and concentrations of aerosols play an important role for identifying pollutant sources and assessing health risks of pollutants. However, due to the gaseous absorption and aerosol volatilization loss, there is some interference from the measurements of the FRM (Federal Reference Method) sampler. This interference may affect the chemical compositions and concentrations of aerosols. The ACME DF 400 (Air Composition Measuring Equipment Denuder-Filter 400) sampler, equipped with the denuders and the three-stage filter collector, was developed in this study. The performance test indicated that the removal efficiency of interference ammonia gas was 91% and the particle loss was not significant in ACME DF 400 after one-sampling day. According to the daily measured comparisons between ACME DF 400 and FRM sampler in Kinmen during one month in spring, the average positive deviation (the interference absorption) and the average negative ˙deviation (the aerosol volatilization loss) were 32.78%±14.45% and 14.79%±4.03%, respectively. The PM10 mass concentration of FRM sampler was always higher than ACME DF 400, because the FRM sampler didn’t use denuder to remove interference gases which caused positive deviation. The average PM10 mass concentration of the high pollution events was about 2 times of that of clear days. However, the aerosol compositions of high pollution events were similar to the aerosol compositions of clear days. The possible reason was that the airflow trajectory of high pollution events and clear days are both passed mainland coast. At high pollution event, the airflow trajectory was always near ground surface and transported more surface pollution to Kinmen. Four sources and their contributions to total PM10 mass were identified. These included sea salt/soil: 27.8%, transport Sulfate :14.1%, secondary aerosol/biomass burning: 44.6%; transport biomass burning :13.5%.

並列關鍵字

aerosol sampler ； sampling deviation ； denuder ； volatilization loss

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