事業單位承攬管理規劃與責任認知情形之研究

我國事業單位對承攬工作有極高的需求，如果承攬管理不佳會增加職業災害之發生，其重要性不容忽視。本研究之目的係探討在相關承攬法規及指引皆有規定事業單位應盡承攬管理義務，但承攬工作之重大職業災害仍頻傳之原因。希瞭解事業單位對於法定承攬管理及責任之認知現況，供事業單位落實承攬管理參考，以減少承攬作業人員之危害風險。本研究藉由司法院法學資料檢索系統搜尋承攬職業災害過失致死之刑事裁判書，彙整出職業災害之違反事實最多為工作場所負責人未落實指揮、監督及協調之工作；第二為未實施自動檢查；第三為作業人員及機械、設備未具備合格證照，結合現今承攬法規及指引等資料，製作本研究承攬管理之問卷，透過問卷統計與分析，進行事業單位對於承攬重大職業災害之違反事實之相關法規認知情形之研究。研究結果發現，事業單位對於承攬法規條文皆有高達91%以上之正確認知。在承攬法規定義之認知上明顯呈現較低比例之正確認知情形，最低是承攬關係認定為6.7%；共同作業認定為35%及應負連帶補償責任為66.7%。事業單位對於法規定義存在錯誤之認知，將間接影響事業單位對承攬管理之重視度與落實度，導致承攬工作重大職業災害裁判書相同違反事實持續發生之現象。因此要提升承攬管理規劃之預防職業災害發生之效益，事業單位可妥為評估內部人員對於承攬法規條文與定義之認知度，並進行相關專業教育訓練，以期正確落實承攬工作安全衛生管理事項，以降低承攬工作職業災害發生率。

關鍵字

承攬工作；職業災害；承攬關係；法規認知；問卷調查

並列摘要

Our country’s business entities have a very high demand for contract work. The poor contractor management increases the occurrence of occupational accidents. Hence its importance cannot be ignored. The purpose of this study is to explore the reasons why the major occupational accidents of contract work still occur frequently even though there are the relevant contractor’s laws, regulations and guidelines in place that stipulate that the business entities should fulfill their contractors management obligations. In addition, the extent of current business entities’ awareness of their regulatory responsibility for contractor management is also analyzed. Hopefully the result of this study can be referred by the business entities with aim to reduce the risk of harm to contractors. This study consolidate the cases regarding the violations of occupational accidents searched by the system of Laws and Regulations Retrieving system of the Judicial Yuan. There are three major reasons causing contractor’s death according to the occurrence of occupational accidents. Firstly, the responsible people in workplaces failed to implement the command, supervision and coordination. Secondly, self-inspections were not implemented. Lastly the operators didn’t have qualified certificates for machinery and equipment operation. Furthermore, with reference to contractor’s laws, regulations and guidelines, etc., a questionnaire of the contractor management was designed for this study. Through the statistics and analysis of the questionnaire, the extent of business entities' cognition of relevant laws and regulations and the violation of laws of the contractor's major occupational accidents was identified. The results of the survey shows that public institutions have more than 91% correct cognition of the articles of the contractor’s laws and regulations. On the contrary, there is a lower percentage of the correct cognition of the definition of contractor’s laws and regulations. The cognition of contract relationship is 6.7% that is the lowest; the cognition of laborers to work together is 35% and the cognition of the business entities shall assume joint liabilities with the contractors for occupational accident compensation is 66.7%. The business entities' wrong cognition of the definition of laws and regulations indirectly affects the importance and implementation of the business entities' contractor management, leading the same violation of laws in the court's judgment of major occupational accidents for contract work to occur continuously. Therefore, to enhance the effectiveness of the contractor management plan for preventing occupational accidents, the business entities should properly evaluate the internal staff's cognition of the articles and definitions of the contractor's laws and regulations and implement relevant professional training. By doing so, the safety and health management of the contract work can be correctly implemented and the incidence of occupational accidents can be reduced.