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  • 學位論文

以雙歷程模式比較施用愷他命之青少年與控制組在動機及執行功能上的表現

Appetitive motivation and regulatory processes in adolescent ketamine users in comparison to matched control group

指導教授 : 何明洲

摘要


K他命濫用問題長期存在於台灣青少年族群間,且高比率出現於高職及進修部學生當中。過去針對酒癮的研究提出青少年成癮行為發展的雙歷程模式,此模式主張成癮行為的發展導因於動機歷程(內隱和外顯動機)以及執行功能歷程(冷熱執行功能)的不平衡。本研究欲應用雙歷程模式來檢驗使用K他命的台灣青少年族群是否在兩歷程與控制組有所差異。研究參與者為30名使用過K他命的青少年,以及32名配對的控制組。兩組在性別、年齡、教育年與教育體制(國中、高中、高職日間�進修部)無顯著差異。所有參與者皆先進行情緒促發作業(Affective priming task)來測量內隱動機,接著以對抗平衡設計決定不同參與者接受愛荷華賭局作業(Iowa gambling task)及停止信號作業(Stop signal task)的順序,分別測量熱執行功能及冷執行功能的表現。最後再填寫物質使用疾患確認檢核表(Drug Use Disorders Identification Test Extended)來測量外顯動機。研究結果顯示控制組相較於實驗組對使用K他命有較高的外顯正向及負向預期,內隱動機則無顯著差異。K他命使用者的熱執行功能(情緒決策能力)可能有受損,冷執行功能(抑制能力)則無。未來在臨床應用上,對青少年增加宣導長期使用物質後會帶來各項領域的危害,讓青少年有更具體的認知,以及設計相關活動增加青少年練習決策能力的機會,對預防和介入可能有所幫助。

並列摘要


Objectives: ketamine has been the most commonly used illicit drug between juvenile in Taiwan. A dual process model proposes that addictive behaviors develop in adolescents as a result of an imbalance between an appetitive, approach-oriented system (implicit and explicit attitudes) and a regulatory executive system (cool and hot executive functions). We aimed to examine the appetitive and regulatory processes in adolescent ketamine users in comparison to matched healthy adolescent in Taiwan. Method: Participants were 30 adolescent ketamine users and 32 nondrug controls,matched with sex, age, education years and education systems. Both groups completed the affective priming task (APT), stop-signal task (SST), an Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and finally a Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDITE). Results: The control group had a higher level of both positive and negative outcome expectancy regarding using ketamine than the ketamine users. There was no significant between-group performance difference in the affective priming task. The ketamine users may have poorer performance on hot executive functions than the controls, but their cold executive functions remain intact. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that education to change adolescents’outcome expectancy toward ketamine and to improve decision-making is important in prevention and intervention programs in adolescents.

參考文獻


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