- 學位論文
臺灣國小學童週邊屈光狀態之調查研究
A Study on the Relative Peripheral Refractive Errors among Taiwanese Elementary School Students
摘要
目的：分析臺灣國小學童之周邊視網膜區域屈光狀態the relative peripheral refractive error (RPRE)。 方法：395名1至6年級學童（7-12歲）參與了這項研究所有學童沒有眼部疾病。屈光不正介於+2.00至-9.50D，散光度數≦-2.00 D，最佳矯正視力≧0.8。以開放式自動電腦驗光機測量視網膜中心凹的位置和沿著水平方向10°、20°、30∘(包含鼻側與顳側)位置之屈光狀態。屈光分組分為遠視眼(≧0.51D)、正視眼(:-0.50至+0.50D)、輕度近視（-0.51至-2.00D），中度近視（-2.01至-4.00D），高度近視（超過- 4.01D）。 結果：呈現不同年級之間的等效球面度（SE）RPRE達顯著差異（F = 78.833，P <0.001），最明顯的是在五年級和六年級的比較分析。在性別與各年級間的散光分量（J0或J45）之比較分析結果並無明顯差異。相對周邊視網膜之屈光狀態，各個視網膜周邊區域的比較，分析數據達顯著差異(T10∘：F = 18.814，P <0.001; T20∘：F = 24.048，P <0.001; T30∘：F = 26.994，P <0.001;鼻：N10∘：F = 10.769，P <0.001; N20∘：F = 8.351，P <0.001; N30∘：F = 17.597，P <0.001)。 結論：遠視組RPRE呈現近視的型態，而近視組則呈現遠視的型態，且偏離視網膜中心愈遠周邊遠視的情形愈高。我們的研究發現近視族群之RPRE顳側區域比鼻側有更高的遠視的情形。
並列摘要
Purpose: To determine and analyze the relative peripheral refractive error (RPRE) in the myopization of elementary school students in Taiwan. Methods: 395 healthy Grades 1 to 6 (from 7-12 years of age) students with no ocular diseases participated in the study. The refractive error ranged from +2.00 to -9.00 D with an astigmatism of ≦ 2.00 D and the best corrected visual acuity, ≧20/20. Open-field auto-refraction was conducted with the visual target located at 6m in the central/foveal position and also horizontally relative to the fovea, at 10o, 20o, and 30o, both nasally and temporally. Statistical analysis was performed between the Grades and also among the refractive groups - the latter divided into hyperopia, emmetropia, mild myopia (up to -0.50D), moderate myopia (-2.01 to -4.00D), and high myopia (worse than -4.01D). Results: The spherical equivalent (SE) of the RPRE showed significant difference between the Grades (F=78.833, p<0.001), most notably that between the 5th and the 6th Grades, but no difference was noted between the two genders or the extent of astigmatism (either J0 or J45). The SE of the RPRE was also significantly different between each refractive group, and between different retinal positions. The latter indicated, temporally: T10o: F= 18.814, p <0.001; T20o: F = 24.048, p <0.001; and T30o: F = 26.994, p <0.001; and nasally: N10o: F = 10.769, p <0.001; N20o: F = 8.351, p <0.001; and N30o: F = 17.597, p <0.001 , and the most pronounce change was from T20 o to T30 o. In addition, the RPRE of the hyperopic group exhibited myopic refractive patterns, while the myopic groups, hyperopic refractive patterns. Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated that the RPRE on the temporal side had more variability than the nasal side. This result is opposite to previous findings by others. In terms of myopization, the interaction of both developmental and peripheral variables would appear to decide the outcome of the RPR error. This information can form the basis for the future design of optimal myopic correction.