- 學位論文
我國市售魚肉類中拉草農藥環境荷爾蒙汙染研究
Study on Endocrine Disrupting Pesticide Alachlor Pollution of Fish and Meat in Taiwan Market
摘要
農藥拉草（alachlor）為台灣及國外常被使用的農藥除草劑之一，被用來抑制雜草生長的除草劑，環境之中不易被降解，會干擾人體內荷爾蒙作用，並在動物實驗上發現有致癌性，且拉草具環境賀爾蒙效應，其會對人體有荷爾蒙及健康之影響。目前已被環保署列為毒性化學物質的篩選名單，同時也為環保署列管的農藥之一。根據我國植物保護工業同業公會之農業產銷統計，拉草2010年在本國使用了8萬3千公斤，使用量僅次於巴拉刈。 拉草在農田使用後由土壤、水體及生物傳遞蓄積於食物鏈中，並散逸至空氣中，造成河川、空氣等生活環境的污染，人類及生物體可能藉由不同途徑暴露，拉草主要造成飲用水污染，農作物亦受拉草汙染，因此人體及生物體可能經由攝取農藥殘留之食品而暴露，而造成公共衛生問題和人體健康影響。 本研究目的為針對魚、肉類之食物進行含量或濃度測定。以國人經常食用之魚、肉類（雞、豬、牛、羊肉及吳郭魚、虱目魚）為研究對象，於台灣北、中、南及東區之超級市場或一般市場購買，各區各類樣本皆採5個以上，樣本數為133，採購時以隨機採樣方式進行，經前處理後使用GC-MS進行分析。 結果：測定方法之拉草標準品檢量線範圍為0.5到25 ppb，儀器偵測極限為0.2 ppb。全台灣市售之魚、肉類中檢出拉草平均濃度最高為羊肉，濃度0.983±1.423 ng/g（ppb）；次高為雞肉，平均濃度為0.799±1.276 ng/g ；牛肉及豬肉測得拉草含量分別為0.780±1.242 ng/g及0.370±0.531 ng/g。而檢出率最高則為雞肉，檢出率有46％；其次依序為牛肉、羊肉、豬肉，檢出率分別為41％、35％及33％，魚類部分的虱目魚及吳郭魚皆未檢出。台灣市售之牛肉及羊肉大多為進口，澳洲牛肉之拉草檢出率達57％，平均濃度為1.172±1.414 ng/g，美國牛檢出率為14%，平均濃度為0.094±0.015 ng/g，而澳洲進口之羊肉檢出率為32％，平均濃度為1.008±1.549 ng/g。 依據衛生部訂定蔬果之拉草容許標準為0.01 ppm，但肉類尚無容許標準。
並列摘要
Alachlor has been widely used as herbicide, it is an important global pollutant for environmental hormone effect and bioaccumulation effect in biota and it could have health effect and cause cancer. Alachlor is as a toxic substances of screening list in EPA, also one of controlled pesticides. According to the Sales of Quantity of Taiwan Crop Protection Industry Association, the country used 83000 kilograms in 2010, the amount second to the Paraquat. Alachlor contaminated biota with food chain and was detected in various environmental matrices, including water, sediment, air and various organisms, including aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, even human. Water pollution was one of major alachlor exposure sources according to previous literatures, the crops also were polluted by alachlor, for these reasons, human and organism could be exposure of pesticide residues in food, it may lead to public health problems and health effects. The purpose of this study is to determine concentration of alachlor in meat and fish in Taiwan market. This study determined 133 samples in the north, central, south and east of Taiwan markets, including chicken, pork, beef, lamb and fish. The concentration of alachlor was analyzed by GC/MS. Calibration curves of concentration range of 0.5 to 25 ppb, detection limit was 0.2 ppb. The results indicated that lamb contained the highest concentration of alachlor with the concentration was 0.938±1.423 ng/g (ppb), the second high is chicken with the concentration was 0.799±1.276 ng/g , beef and pork with the concentration were 0.780±1.242 ng/g and 0.370±0.531 ng/g. The detection rate of alachlor in chicken was 46％ which is the highest detection rate, the detection rate of beef, lamb, and pork were 41％, 35％ and 33％. Tilapia and milkfish were not detected. Beef and lamb in Taiwan market are mostly imported, the detection rate of alachlor in Australian beef was 57％, the concentration were 1.172±1.414 ng/g, the detection rate of alachlor in American beef was 14％, with the concentration were 0.094±0.015 ng/g, and the detection rate of alachlor in Australian lamb was 32％, with the concentration were 1.008±1.549 ng/g. According to the Department of Health set of alachlor allowable standard of vegetables was 0.01 ppm, but the meats are no standard issued.