肌肉骨骼職業病案例分析與人因介入評估

The Case Study and Ergonomic Intervention of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders

蘇瑋筑(Wei-Chih Su)

指導教授 ： 林彥輝

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/職業安全衛生學系/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/csmu202000207

摘要

肌肉骨骼傷病在各行各業中是常見且發生率高的職業病，其成因主要為搬運重物、重複作業、不良姿勢與工作壓力等，其結果不僅對勞工造成身體與心理上的傷害，後續的治療及漫長的復健過程也都是一種煎熬。本研究探討肌肉骨骼職業病案例的特性，並以人因檢核表加以評估，以確認其危害因子與疾病間之相關性。

本研究擷取勞動部職業安全衛生署2010年到2019年所發行之職業病鑑定案例彙編，針對職業性肌肉骨骼疾病共64件進行案例分析，並使用國內常用之人因工程檢核表：「關鍵指標檢核表」(key indicators method, KIM)及肌肉骨骼傷害人因工程檢核表（musculoskeletal disorders, MSDs）進行危害因子分析與危害等級評定。

經由案例統整與分析結果發現，職業性肌肉骨骼疾病大部分發生在重體力作業勞工，行業主要集中在營建工程、製造業及其他服務業，這些勞工的特性包括：中高齡(大部分介於45~55歲)、年資長(10年以上)、暴露時間長(超過每日工時的二分之一)、作業姿勢不良與搬運重物；利用KIM與MSDs檢核表評估發現，這些案例其風險等級都在3以上(KIM)以及超過5分以上(MSDs)，都是屬於應立即改善的作業。

統整以上結果，本研究建議：事業單位應降低肌肉骨骼疾病之高風險作業人員暴露時間，並且依照年齡及年資變更作業項目及內容，若能選擇適當的省力輔助工具，加上定期勞工教育訓練及健康檢查，則應可降低職業性肌肉骨骼危害。

關鍵字

肌肉骨骼傷病 ； 人因工程檢核表 ； 危害因子

並列摘要

Musculoskeletal Injury Disease are common and high prevalence occupational diseases in all walks of life. Their causes are mainly heavy lifting, repetitive work, poor posture, and work pressure. The result is not only physical and psychological harm to workers. The follow-up treatment and the long rehabilitation process are also suffering. This study explores the characteristics of musculoskeletal occupational disease cases and evaluates them with a human factors checklist to confirm the correlation between their hazardous factors and diseases.

This study extracts a compilation of occupational disease identification cases issued by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Ministry of Labor from 2010 to 2019. A total of 64 cases of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders were analyzed, and a commonly used human factors engineering checklist was used: (Key indicators method, KIM) and (Musculoskeletal disorders, MSDs) were used for hazard factor analysis and hazard level assessment.

According to the case integration and analysis of results, it is found that most Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders occur in heavy manual labor, and the industry mainly focuses on construction engineering, manufacturing, and other service industries. The characteristics of these laborers include: middle-aged and elderly (mostly between 45-55 years old),long seniority (more than 10 years), long exposure time (more than one-half of the daily working hours), poor posture and handling of heavy objects; the use of KIM and MSDs checklist evaluation found that these cases risk level are all above 3 (KIM) and more than 5 points (MSDs), which are tasks that should be improved immediately.

Summarizing the above results, this study suggests that the institution should reduce the exposure time of high-risk workers with musculoskeletal disorders, and change the operation items and contents according to age and seniority. If appropriate labor-saving auxiliary tools can be selected, plus regular labor education and training And health checks, it should reduce occupational work-related musculoskeletal hazards.

並列關鍵字

Musculoskeletal Injury Disease ； human factors engineering checklist ； hazard factor

參考文獻

1.勞動部職業安全衛生署。職業傷病防治年報。2014:p. 29。

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