多重慢性病住院老年人健康行為與生活品質之相關性研究

背景老化是全世界的趨勢，如能積極促進老年人身心健康，擁有良好的健康行為將會提升其生活品質，然而健康行為與生活品質的研究較偏重於學生、社區老人，但是對於住院中多重慢性病老年人生活品質相關性研究仍有限。目的探討多重慢性病住院老年人健康行為之現況，健康行為與生活品質之相關性，以及影響生活品質之重要預測因子。方法採橫斷性、相關性研究設計，採方便取樣，於中部某區域醫院住院中之年滿65歲及罹患兩種以上慢性病住院中病患為研究對象，共收案120人，並以基本人口學特性、健康狀況、健康行為及生活品質量表等結構式問卷收集資料；所得資料處理以IBM SPSS Statistics 25套裝軟體進行統計分析。結果多重慢性病住院老年人生活品質平均分數53.35分；老年人在健康行為與生活品質達顯著相關，從整體逐步迴歸分析結果中年齡(3%)、收入主要來源(2%)、生活費用是否足夠(11%)、日常生活活動(33%)、生活習慣(2%)、健康促進活動(3%)，是影響多重慢性病住院老年人生活品質的預測因子，可以解釋生活品質54%的變異情形。結論/實務應用為提升多重慢性病老年人之生活品質，應促進及維持日常生活功能，並鼓勵提升健康行為，養成良好生活習慣，鼓勵社區參與，強化健康促進活動，此研究結果可以作為長期照護介入之參考。

關鍵字

多重慢性病；健康行為；生活品質

並列摘要

Background Aging is a global trend. If the physical and mental health of the elderly cab be actively promoted, their quality of life will be improved by having good health behavior. However, studies on health behavior and quality of life focused more on students and community elders. There is still limited correlation research on quality of life among hospitalized elders with multiple chronic diseases. Purposes This study explored the current status of the health behavior of the elderly admitted to the hospital due to multiple chronic diseases, the correlation between health behavior and quality of life, and important predictors affecting quality of life. Methods A cross-sectional correlation research design was adopted. Convenience sampling was utilized to recruit participants from the patients aged 65 years and more with two or more chronic diseases admitted to a regional hospital in Central Taiwan, and a total of 120 participants were recruited. Structured questionnaires and Quality of Life Scale were utilized to collect data such as the basic demographic characteristics, health status and health behavior. Data obtained was processed with IBM SPSS Statistics 25 for statistical analysis. Results The average score of quality of life among hospitalized elders with multiple chronic diseases was 53.35 points; the correlation between the elderly’s health behavior and quality of life reached significant level. It can be learned from the results of overall regression analysis that age (3%), main source of income (2%), adequacy of living expenses (11%), activities of daily living (33%), living habits (2%), and health promoting activities (3%) were the predictors affecting quality of life among the elderly with multiple chronic diseases, which can explain 54% of the variance in quality of life. Conclusions/ Implications for practice To improve the quality of life among the elderly with multiple chronic diseases, it is necessary to promote and maintain their activities of daily living and encourage health behavior, good living habits and community participation as well as strengthen their health promoting activities. The results of this study can serve as a reference for long-term care intervention.