在職照顧者照顧不離職的經驗探討

隨著人類壽命的延長，高齡人口持續的增長，老化問題也成為許多國家重視的議題，也不得不正視高齡社會延伸的挑戰，包含，因老化疾病的失能、失智症、家庭照顧的需求等等。長期照顧需求的提升，越來越多家庭面臨要撥出人力照顧失能的家屬，加上近年照顧悲劇的案例持續攀升，面對失能的家人，家庭照顧者不僅僅只要面對「照顧」，也包括自己的工作、社交生活、因照顧而改變的生活步調，甚至在失能越來越嚴重、不堪負荷的狀態下，不得不離職全心投入照顧家人的工作。本研究希望透過訪談在職照顧者，了解照顧者在不同的照顧階段會遇到什麼樣的照顧問題，研究的目地探討在職照顧者平衡職場工作和照顧的因素，希望得以在研究結果之後找出臨床和實務上的建議，並應用於更多有需要的人身上。本研究的研究方法運用半結構式訪談問卷，訪談八位在職照顧者，了解他們的照顧歷程、照顧和職場事件，並將訪談內容逐字稿分析，透過三角驗證，得到以「職場狀況」、「家庭狀況」、「情緒及價值觀」為三個類別主題如下。一、有關職場方面：根據訪談內容照顧者提及職場中若有同事、主管願意傾聽、理解照顧的辛苦，給予心理上的支持或職務上的協助，將可使照顧者感到歸屬感；在工作性質和福利，若能給予在職照顧者彈性的上班時間、有空間可以調整工作進度，或家庭照顧的假期，將可以降低照顧者蠟燭兩頭燒的壓力；照顧者對於工作的態度，訪談者說明職場工作是一種喘息，也可以讓自己有成就感。二、有關家庭方面：照顧者若了解疾病的歷程、症狀、照顧方法和支持團體，可以使其在照顧過程中，對發作的症狀有心理準備也有吐苦水舒壓的時候，減少照顧的慌張和壓力；若照顧者和其他家人接受被照顧者生病的事實，並且願意分擔照顧工作、協助被照顧者安排照顧事宜、尋找正式的照顧支持，是有效支持照顧者的方法。三、有關情緒和價值觀方面：不同的個性造就不同的處事方式，有些訪談者，面對無止境的照顧工作和頭痛的症狀，主動轉換正向的思考方式，幽默看待哭笑不得的症狀，主動學習照顧方法和疾病知識，克服目前的照顧困境；有些照顧者無力扭轉或找不到改變現況的方法，但為了生活，家庭給不了幫忙但也沒有幫倒忙，只能慢慢磨合，找出新的平衡；另有些照顧者，他們的家庭和職場都無法給予幫忙，放不下失能的家人只能自己硬撐。基於上述的研究結果，本研究發現若要使在職照顧者維持照顧不離職，並能在職場和照顧中取得平衡、擁有生活品質，得同時將職場、家庭和個人價值觀都納入考量。因此，本研究建議，在未來研究可多探討不同職業類群、不同區域在職照顧者的需求；在社會福利實務工作和職場方面，從在職照顧者的角度提供合適福利服務、諮詢，並建立友善照顧者的工作制度、氣氛；在政策方面，因應長期照顧和失能人口的攀升，應普及相關知識和服務的輸送，增加疾病的敏感度，達到友善社會的環境。

關鍵字

在職照顧者；照顧不離職；家庭照顧者支持服務；長期照顧服務

並列摘要

Because of the extension of human life and the growth of the elders, many countries care about the problem of aging. Also, they are confronted with the challenges of the aging society, for example, disability due to aging diseases, dementia, demands for home care, and so on. With the increasing demand for long-term care, more and more families face to allocate manpower to take care of their disabled family members. The number of care tragedies such as double suicides has continued to rise in recent years. The caregivers not only need to take care of the family with disability, but also to adjust their own work; and social life. For the worse, they must leave the job and devote themselves to the work of caring when the disabled family member becomes frailer and functionally overwhelm. The purpose of this study was to understand the problems that caregivers encountered at different stages of care by interviewing with employed caregivers. In addition, the author wanted to explore the factors that affect the work-life balance of employed caregivers. The author hopes to find out clinical and practical recommendations and applies them to more people in need, based on the results of this study. The author interviewed eight employed caregivers to know about the history of the cares; and the events in workplace by conducting semi-structured interviews. The content of the interview was transcribed and analyzed by triangulation. The results were divided into three categories: “workplace”, “family”, and “emotions and values”. 1.About the workplace: According to the content of the interview, the caregiver mentioned that if there were colleagues or supervisors who were willing to listen to and understand the hardships of care, psychological support or job assistance would make the caregiver feel a sense of belonging. In terms of the work and welfare, if caregivers were given flexible working hours, there would be room to adjust the progress of works; or the day off for home care. This would reduce the pressure on the caregivers to burn candles at both ends. Regarding the attitude of the caregiver towards work, the caregivers explained that to do the work was a kind of respite and can also give themselves a sense of accomplishment. 2.Regarding the family: If the caregiver understood the course of the disease, symptoms of disease, care methods, and support groups, they can be psychologically prepared for the onset of symptoms during the care process. When they needed someone to talk to relieve pressure, they can reduce the panic and stress of care. If the caregiver and their families accepted the fact that the caregiver was sick and were willing to share the care work, assisted the caregiver in arranging care matters, and found formal care support, this was an effective way to support the caregiver. 3.Regarding emotions and values: Different personalities have different ways of doing thing. With the endless and headache symptoms, some interviewees changed their minds into positive thinking, looked at the bright sight to the disease, and learned the knowledge and care methods automatically. Some caregivers were unable to reverse the situation, but for the sake of life, they can only slowly blend in and find a new balance. Based on the above-mentioned research results, this study found that in order to maintain care and work-life balance for employed caregivers. It is necessary to take workplace, family and personal values into consideration at the same time. Therefore, the author suggests that future research should explore the needs of employed caregivers in different occupational groups and regions. In terms of social welfare and workplace, the need to provide appropriate welfare services and consultation from the perspective of employed caregivers is time to establish a working system that is friendly to carers. For the policies, in response to long-term care and the increase in disabled people, the delivery of relevant knowledge and services should be geared towards increasing sensitivity to diseases and achieve a friendly social environment.

並列關鍵字

employed caregiver ； work-life balance ； support services for caregiver ； long-term care services

參考文獻

【英文文獻】

Google Scholar

Active For Life. (2013). 7 C’s of resilience. Active For Life. Retrieved 12/1/2020 from https://activeforlife.com/7-cs-of-resilience/

Google Scholar

Barnes, J., Conrad, K., Demont-Heinrich, C., Graziano, M., Kowalski, D., Neufeld, J., Zamora, J., Palmquist.., M. (1994-2012). Generalizability and Transferability. Writing@CSU. Retrieved 04/27/2020 from https://writing.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfm?guideid=65

Google Scholar

Bowen, M. (1978). Family Therapy in Clinical Practice. Jason Aronson.

Google Scholar

Brisson, S. (2015). The Seven C’s of Resilience. Digging Deep. Retrieved 11/27/2020 from https://diggingdeep.org/seven-cs-resilience/

Google Scholar

國際替代計量

在職照顧者照顧不離職的經驗探討

全文下載

主題瀏覽