研究目的:本研究旨在探討參與者體重、身體自我概念、自我認同與憂鬱情緒間的關聯。 研究方法:本研究採橫斷性調查法,以20-29歲大學生為研究對象,透過網路社群平台「臉書」、「 Dcard 」、「推特」、「批踢踢 」、「噗浪」發放結構式問卷進行方便取樣。收集資料內容包括出生年、性別、身心診斷、身高、體重等,研究工具:(一)中文版身體自我描述量表之身體脂肪分量表與整體身體自我概念分量表,Likert 6點量尺,Cronbach’s α分別為0.95與0.86,身體脂肪分量表測量主觀肥胖程度,整體身體自我概念分量表測量對整體身體的主觀評價;(二)自我認同重要性量表,包含個人認同、社會認同與形象認同,測量各三個向度對於建構整體自我認同的重要性,Likert 5點量尺,Cronbach’s α分別為0.86、0.88、0.88;(三)中文版流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表(CES-D),Likert 4點量尺,中文版量表之Cronbach’s α為0.87。收案期間自111年5月12日起至111年7月30日止,共回收312份有效問卷。以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、變異數分析、皮爾森績差相關、多元回歸進行資料分析。 研究結果:研究參與者中,女性占87.82%、男性占10.90%、其他性別站1.28%,男女性別比例差異大。男女平均身體質量指數(body mass index,下稱BMI)無不同,但女性主觀評價自身肥胖程度顯著較男性高。經濟狀況較拮据與使用不健康體重控制方式的參與者,其憂鬱情緒較高,社群軟體/網站使用頻率較高之參與者的主觀肥胖程度較高。將 BMI 分為過輕、正常、過重,BMI越高,主觀肥胖程度越高,身體自我概念也越低。BMI與主觀肥胖程度及身體自我概念直接相關,憂鬱情緒則與主觀肥胖程度、身體自我概念及個人認同重要性直接相關。BMI、身體自我概念與個人認同重要性對憂鬱有顯著預測效果,所有變項占憂鬱情緒變異的10%。個人認同重要性在身體自我概念與憂鬱情緒關係中的調節效果不顯著,身體自我概念與憂鬱情緒的關係不受個人認同重要性的影響。 結論與建議:參與者的 BMI 越高,身體自我概念越低;BMI、整體身體自我概念與個人認同會影響其憂鬱情緒;另外,女性主觀評價自身肥胖程度較男性高。建議大學校園心理健康促進與諮商輔導方案可透過提升正向身體自我概念或引導覺察自身內在價值以強化其心理健康;公共機關或相關團體在呼籲民眾維持健康體重的同時,亦須謹慎檢視所釋出之訊息,以減少對個體之身體自我概念或情緒的負面影響。
Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to investigate the association among body weight, body self-concept, self-identity and depression in participants. Method: The study was designed as cross-sectional with convenience sampling. Three hundred and twelve undergraduate students were recruited from May 12th to July 30th, 2022 using social media Facebook, Dcard, Twitter, PTT, and Plurk. The survey was administered online. Demographic data included birth year, gender, mental diagnosis, height, and weight. Structured questionnaires were used. Perceived body fat and subjective evaluation of the overall body was assessed by body fat subscale and global physical self-concept subscale from Chinese version of Physical Self-Description Questionnaire, a 6-point Likert Scale, and Cronbach’s α were 0.95 and 0.86 separately. Self identity was assessed by Questionnaire of Identity Importance, a 5-point Likert Scale; it includes personal identity, social identity, and impression identity, and Cronbach’s α were 0.86, 0.88 and 0.88 separately. Depression was assessed by Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, a 4-point Likert Scale, and Cronbach’s α of English version on general population. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. Result: The participants included 87.82% female, 10.90% male, and 1.28% other gender. Although there was no difference in average body mass index (BMI) between men and women, the perceived body fat of women was significantly higher than that of men. The average depression score was significantly higher among participants that were in worse economic status or using unhealthy weight-controlling method. Perceived body fat was significantly higher among participants that use social media more frequently. When BMI was divided into underweight, normal weight, and overweight, perceived body fat increased among higher-BMI individuals. In the meantime, body self-concept decreased. BMI was correlated with perceived body fat and body self-concept, and depressed mood was correlated with perceived body fat, body self-concept, and personal aspect of identity importance. BMI, body self-concept, and personal aspect of identity importance were significant for predicting depressed mood, with all variables accounting for 10% of the variance in depressed mood. The moderating effect of personal identity between body self-concept and depression was not significant, indicating that the influence of personal identity and body self-concept to depression were independent. Conclusion: Body self-concept decreased among higher-BMI undergraduate students. BMI, body self-concept, and personal aspect of identity importance could influence depressed mood. In addition, the perceived body fat of women was significantly higher than that of men. It is suggested that the mental health promotion and counselling programs of universities to enhance positive body self-concept or the importance of personal value in order to strengthen the mental health of undergraduate student; public agencies or related group should also inspect the message released while promoting for public health, preventing the negative impact to body self-concept or emotion.