安養機構老人幸福感相關因素之探討

背景:人口老化是現存問題也是趨勢。隨著長照觀念的興起，長照機構老人的生活品質及心理健康議題逐漸受到重視，幸福感的概念亦開始被重視。研究目的: 探討中部榮民安養機構老人幸福感的狀況。比較中部不同榮民安養機構之間老人幸福感之差異。了解中部榮民安養機構老人幸福感的影響因子。研究方法:本研究為橫斷式描述性研究設計，採立意取樣，以居住在中部彰化地區兩所榮民安養機構之住民為研究對象，共106位住民。研究量表包括人口學自擬問卷、人格問卷、自覺社會支持問卷、幸福感量表。統計分析:SPSS 21.0版統計軟體、平均值、標準差、獨立t檢定、相關係數、單因子變異數分析(one-way ANOVA)檢定、事後檢定(Tukey HSD)、複迴歸進行統計分析。研究結果: 自費安養榮民幸福感36.23分(SD=8.22)比公費安養老人好33.96分(SD=7.43)。教育程度、智慧型手機社群軟體之使用情形、運(活)動參與、自覺健康狀況、人格、親友探視、自覺社會支持與老人幸福感進行在統計學皆有顯著差異；自覺社會支持和幸福感顯著的正相關。「運(活)動參與」、「自覺健康狀況」、「自覺社會支持」可以做為老人幸福感最重要之預測因子。研究結論:可以作為安養機構長期照護實務運用於老人幸福感相關研究之參考。

關鍵字

安養機構、老人、幸福感。

並列摘要

Background: The increase of aging population is an existing problem in Taiwan. With the awakening of long term care needs, the quality of life and mental health well-being of the elderly in long-term care institutions are getting more concern. Research purposes: The purposes of the study were to explore the well-being of the elderly at the Veterans Homes in the central of Taiwan, compare the well-being among the elderly in different Veterans Homes and understand the affecting factors on the well-being of the elderly. Research method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study design with purposive sampling. Total 196 of residents were recruited in the study from two Veterans Homes in Changhua. The instruments, Eysenck personality questionnaire, perceived social support scale, and well-being scale were conducted. Data analysis: Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 statistical software. Descriptive data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation and range. Independent t-test, correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA test, , and multiple regression were used for inferential data. Results: The well-being of elderly with the self-sponsored identity (36.23, SD=8.22) was better than those with government financed33.96分(SD=7.43). The educational level, the usage of smart phone, exercise or activity participation, perceived health status, perceived social support were significant related to the well-being of the elderly. Exercise or activity participation", "perceived health status" and "perceived social support" were three important predictors on well-being for the elderly. Research conclusions: It can be a reference for providing long-term care practice on the elderly in the Veterans Home.