探討時間知覺對短期記憶作業表現的影響

Exploring the influence of time perception on the performance of short-term memory

黃信毓(Shin-Yu Huang)

指導教授 ： 何明洲

中山醫學大學/醫學科技學院/心理學系暨臨床心理學碩士班/碩士(2018年)

摘要

短期記憶是以時間為基的系統，短期記憶作業的表現會隨著延遲時間增加而變差。在過往的短期記憶研究中，時間總是被假設為客觀的變項，且認為每個受試者知覺到的時間都相同，本研究希望探討主觀時間知覺是否會對短期記憶表現造成影響。

本研究招募共208位中山醫學大學的學生，實驗區分成三部分：
實驗1為時間估計作業，請受試者估計五種時間間隔（10秒、15秒、45秒、60秒、90秒），並挑選出三個估計誤差最大的時間間隔做為實驗2和實驗3的延遲時間。根據實驗數據挑選的時間為10秒、15秒和45秒。
實驗2為短期記憶廣度作業，以確認實驗中記憶數量（多、少）與延遲時間（10秒、15秒、45秒）對短期記憶表現的影響。並分別以數字廣度作業、物體廣度作業和方格廣度作業，來測量口語、視覺和空間三種短期記憶表現。
實驗3以三種短期記憶作業加上時間知覺判斷，用以探討主觀知覺的時間延遲是否會影響短期記憶的表現。並於實驗結束後，所有數據都經由IBM SPSS 20版套裝軟體進行「描述性統計」與「變異數分析」。

結果顯示：時間知覺對短期記憶作業的表現有顯著的影響－在短期記憶作業中，延遲時間的主觀時間越長，短期記憶作業正確率越低，而當主觀時間越短時，其記憶表現越佳。此結果有助於未來研究短期記憶時，可考量更多可能與發想。

關鍵字

短期記憶 ； 時間知覺 ； 廣度作業 ； 記憶數量 ； 延遲時間

並列摘要

Short-term memory (STM) is a time-based system. The performance of STM tasks decays as time passes by. In past STM studies, time is usually presumed as “objective”; namely, the delay time in STM tasks is perceived similarly across participants. This study aims to explore whether subjectively perceived delay time can affect STM performance.

All the 208 participants recruited in this study are college students at Chung Shan Medical University. The experimental design is divided into three experiments. Experiment 1 (time estimate task) required the participants to estimate various lengths of time (10s,15s,45s,60s,90s), and the most significant estimation errors in duration were chosen as the delay time that used in following experiments. According to the first experiment data, we examined the time estimation range of 10s, 15s, and 45s. Experiment 2 (STM span task) was designed to examine the STM performance under set sizes (more or less) and delay durations (10s, 15s, and 45s). In addition, verbal STM, visual STM, and spatial STM were measured by the following three types of task, namely, digit span task, object span task and matrix span task. Experiment 3 (verbal STM, visual STM, and spatial STM task and time perception judgment task) was designed to explore whether subjectively perceived delay time can affect STM performance. At the end of all the experiments, all data were processed and analyzed by descriptive statistics and ANOVA through IBM SPSS Statistics 20.

The result shows that subjectively perceived delay time can affect STM performance. The longer the subjectively perceived delay time is, the lower the accuracy in STM tasks is recorded, while the shorter the subjectively perceived time is, the higher the accuracy can be observed. The current results show that subjectively perceived delay time can affect STM performance, which may shed some light on the future studies of STM.

並列關鍵字

short-term memory ； time perception ； span task ； set size ； delay duration

參考文獻

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