懷孕婦女雙酚A暴露之生物偵測及每日攝取量研究

Biological monitoring of bisphenol A and daily intake assessment for pregnant women

程莉婷(Lee-Ting Cheng)

指導教授 ： 毛義方

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/職業安全衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2013.00110

摘要

雙酚A(Bisphenol A，BPA)廣泛使用在日常生活用品中，主要作為環氧樹脂、聚碳酸酯、塑膠等製造原料之一，用於罐裝食物容器內襯塗料、速食便當盒、食物包裝材料、裝水塑膠瓶、飲料包裝之紙杯容器、牙科密封材等。近來研究發現，極低濃度的BPA即可造成細胞功能改變、生殖健康危害，且與心臟血管疾病、第二型糖尿病及肝臟酵素異常有關，因此BPA汙染之重要性受到先進國家的重視。過去研究發現婦女懷孕時之BPA內在劑量暴露可能導致早產、降低胎兒的存活率、影響出生體重和生殖能力等，本研究透過進行孕婦BPA內在劑量生物偵測及飲食問卷，了解其暴露情形。
本研究對象為台灣某醫學中心婦產科門診懷孕婦女，使用問卷得知研究對象之懷孕史、人口學資料和飲食習慣等，得有效問卷94份，再利用每人每日飲食攝取量計算攝入之BPA含量。收集懷孕婦女產前清晨的第一泡尿液，收集後立即冷藏送回實驗室冷凍於-70℃下直至分析；使用HPLC/Fluorencence測定尿液中BPA濃度及經過creatinine，Jaffe’方法校正尿液中BPA的濃度，測定方法之偵測極限為0.04 μg/L。
研究結果，研究對象每日藉由食物之攝入雙酚A之平均攝入量為82.14±38.40 µg/day；經體重校正後，每人每日單位體重平均BPA之攝入量為1.52 ± 0.37 μg/kg BW/day。BPA普遍存在於孕婦的尿液，檢出率高達91.67%，尿液平均濃度為8.81±11.32 μg/L；經creatinine 校正後，尿液中平均BPA濃度為13.58±14.29 mg/g cr.。將研究對象之每日飲食暴露與尿液中BPA濃度做相關性分析得到R2=0.021 (p>0.05)，無統計意義。而尿液BPA濃度與職業類別、懷孕週數、懷孕胎別、教育程度、家庭收入與使用塑膠袋盛裝熱食頻率與做統計分析，發現尿中BPA濃度與職業類別有顯著差異(p<0.05)，其他變因皆沒有發現統計上的意義。
本研究發現我國懷孕婦女尿液中BPA檢出率很高，尿中BPA濃度與西班牙和澳洲比較約高出兩倍。但飲食暴露與尿液中BPA的濃度無顯著相關，而職業類別與尿液中BPA的濃度在統計上有顯著差異。

關鍵字

雙酚A ； HPLC-FLD ； 尿液 ； 飲食每日攝取量

並列摘要

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in consumer products as one of the major material of epoxy resins, polycarbonate and plastics, which is frequently applied to food storage containers, plastic water bottles, drinking cups and dental sealants. Recent studies have shown that even at very low dose, BPA might cause the change of cell function, the abnormal development of genital tracts, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and liver enzyme abnormalities; therefore, the awareness of BPA contamination evolved attention in the developed countries. Previously studies that people found pregnant women’s internal dose of BPA exposure might lead to premature delivery, reduce fetal survival and affect birth weight and reproductive capacity. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the pregnant women exposure of BPA by biological monitoring and daily food intake questionnaire.
94 pregnant women from a medical center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in Taiwan helped to conduct this survey. These participants completed a questionnaire which codes demographic information, pregnancy history and dietary habits to estimate the BPA intake via daily food consumptions. The pregnant women provided the first void urine samples in the morning, and all the samples were frozen at -70℃ until further analysis. While using HPLC / Fluorencence to detect BPA concentration in urine and using the creatinine to adjust urinary BPA level by Jaffe’ method, the method detection limit was 0.04 μg/L.
The results showed the averages of subjects’ daily BPA intake via food consumption were 82.14 ± 38.40 μg / day and 1.52 ± 0.37 μg / kg BW / day; the detection rate of BPA found in the urine of pregnant women was 91.67%. The average concentration of the urine was 8.81 ± 11.32 μg / L; adjusted by creatinine, the concentrations of BPA was 13.58 ± 14.29 mg / g cr. The correlation coefficient was 0.021 of daily dietary exposure and urinary BPA concentrations, which is without statistical significance (p>0.05). The statistical analysis does suggest that, however, compared with occupational categories, weeks of pregnancy, the birth order, levels of education, the household income and the frequency of packing food with plastic bags, the urinary BPA concentrations differ significantly from occupational categories (p<0.05), while other variables are, accordingly, still with no statistical significance(p>0.05).
This study also shows that the detection rate of BPA in the urine of pregnant women is approximately two times higher than the ones in Spain and Australia. There is no significant correlation between BPA exposure by diet and urinary BPA level, whereas a significant statistical difference was seen between occupational categories and urinary BPA concentrations.

並列關鍵字

Bisphenol A ； HPLC-FLD ； urine ； daily intake

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