透過您的圖書館登入
IP:18.117.142.248
  • 學位論文

營養衛教介入對於慢性腎臟病患者成效之評估

The effect of nutrition education support on the assessment of chronic kidney disease patients

指導教授 : 徐成金

摘要


根據美國腎臟資料登錄系統(United States Renal Data System,USRDS,2011)年報統計,台灣末期腎臟病之盛行率及發生率分別高居世界第一名及第四名,造成國家醫療資源耗用沉重的負擔。 本研究目的主要是探討對於慢性腎臟病門診患者提供營養衛教介入可否延緩其腎功能之惡化,若能有效的減緩慢性腎臟疾病的病程,方能減少患者進入末期腎病的階段。 研究對象擷取自中台灣某區域教學醫院 2011年12月起至2012年6月間慢性腎臟病第三期至第五期之病患,共147人進行試驗。根據 2002年美國腎臟基金會(National Kidney Foundation, NKF)發展之腎臟疾病療效品質指引[NKF-K/DOQI]來設定慢性腎臟病分級,並使用簡易MDRD(Modification of Diet in Renal Disease )公式推估腎絲球過濾率。本研究為橫斷面之研究設計(cross-sectional study design),在全程的營養衛教過程是採用一對一的訪談方式,每次衛教時間約20-30分鐘。資料收集研究對象之體重、年齡、性別、教育程度、抽菸、運動、身體質量指數(body mass index, BMI)、24小時飲食回憶、血壓、生化檢驗值及其他代謝相關併發症。以MDRD-GFR值為分組依據,將組別分為stage 3b(30≦GFR<45 ml/min/1.73m2)、stage 4(29≦GFR<15 ml/min/1.73m2)、stage 5(GFR<15 ml/min/1.73m2)等3組。3組於6個月期間藉由受試者基本資料調查、血液學與生化學檢查、體位測量(身高、體重)及熱量營養素攝取量評估其營養狀況,並分析血化檢驗值、體位測量值及營養素攝取量變化量間之相關性。 實驗結果顯示各個因子在不同分期組別與慢性腎臟病進展相關強度不一定相同,但在營養衛教介入後發現其腎絲球過濾率其前後測呈現顯著性的差異(P<0.01);且病患在體重、血壓、血糖和血脂肪方面也獲得較佳的控制。 因此本實驗結果證實營養衛教介入的確有助於延緩慢性腎臟病病患腎功能的惡化。

並列摘要


End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in Taiwan is a serious medical burden because the prevalence and mortality of this disease steady increase in past decades. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the intervention of nutritional education to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) could maintain renal function and delay the CKD progression and occurrence of ESRD. The study included 147 subjects with CKD at stages 3 to 5 in one hospital located in Taichung City between Dec 2011 and Jun 2012. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation was used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). This was a random cross-sectional study, and nutritional education was given twice by a licensed dietician with patients face-to-face for 20-30 minutes in each time. Dietary, clinical, biochemical and life style information were collected. Significance between variables was analyzed. Results showed that the intervention of dietary guideline was positively and significantly related to eGFR. This might be due to dietary guideline assisted patients to manage diet, which in turn benefited the control of blood pressure and blood sugar, and finally maintained renal functions. The findings indicated that nutritional education could delay the deterioration of renal function in chronic kidney disease patients.

參考文獻


23. 辛錫璋。 KDIGO 共識會議對慢性腎臟疾病之分期的新論述。 中華民國糖尿病衛教學會會訊2012. p. 1-4.
71. 台灣腎臟醫學會。慢性腎臟病防治手冊2010。 台北: 行政院衛生署國民健康局出版.
其相關因子之探討—以社區成人健康檢查資料分析。台灣衛誌
80. 楊五常。研製慢性腎臟病防治手冊計畫,計畫編號:DOH95-HP-2101。台北:行政院衛生署國民健康局,2007。
2. Eknoyan, G., et al., The burden of kidney disease: improving global outcomes. Kidney Int, 2004. 66(4): p. 1310-4.

延伸閱讀