二次變電所極低頻電磁場（波）現場量測與評估

The Exposure Assessment of the Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field/Wave in the Secondary Substation

劉憲智(Sian-Jhih Liu)

指導教授 ： 劉宏信

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/職業安全衛生學系/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU201900230

摘要

變電所的設置向來是地方民眾與社會關切的議題，目的為有效減少因傳輸線路材質而產生的電力能量損失（一般簡稱為線損）。是故在用電量大的區域設置變電所進行配電的方式是有效的電力配送方式，電磁波暴露除了民眾疑慮外，而經常性暴露於此電磁波作業環境下之工作人員是否會對身體造成影響是值得關切的。因此本研究將量測變電所作業環境極低頻電磁波之劑量，評估供變電所巡視或工作人員暴露劑量。
本研究為橫斷式研究，使用原理為霍爾效應（Hall Effect）之非屬原子能游離輻射低頻電磁波頻譜分析儀進行量測極低頻電磁波。針對線路架空型二次變電所與線路地下型二次變電所兩種不同線路形式之二次變電所進行作業環境量測，量測方法依照ICNIRP（國際非游離輻射防護委員會）規範進行，將其結果與相關文獻內容對照與比較，進行評估。
量測結果顯示最大值為線路架空型變電所之 4.878 μT，雖然線路架空型變電所量測結果數值較線路地下型變電所為高，但兩者最大值相差達 14. 83 倍，且平均值相差達 9.15 倍，研判原因應為線路架空型在空間中完整暴露缺少屏蔽所致，但最大值還是遠低於我國限值（國際非游離輻射防護委員會限值 833 mG）約 17.08 倍。
根據結果與目前法令標準而言，此類職場勞工暴露低於我國限值。但目前之規定限值係短時間暴露標準，並非長時間暴露標準，有鑑於過去相關研究指出長時間暴露於極低頻磁場可能與白血病（特別是15歲以下的小兒白血病）發生有關，雖然目前動物或細胞的相關研究結果，無法完全支持極低頻磁場引發之相關流行病學說法，但仍需注意減少暴露。

關鍵字

二次變電所 ； 極低頻電磁波

並列摘要

The settings of substations have always been a topic of concern for local people in society with the aim to effectively reduce the loss of electrical energy（generally referred to as "line loss"）due to the material used in transmission lines. Therefore, an effective power distribution method is ideal in order to set up a substation for power distribution within a large power consumption area. In addition to public concerns, electromagnetic waves that are frequently exposed to the immediate operating environment could possibly affect health of the professional staff. Thus, it is worthy of further examination. Therefore, this study measure various dose of extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves in the substation’s operating vicinity, as well as evaluate the substation’s exposure to the professional staff nearby.
This is a cross-sectional study utilizing a non-atomic energy, radiation-free, low-frequency, electromagnetic spectrum analyzer. With it, the Hall Effect is applied to measure extremely low - frequency electromagnetic waves. Environmental measurements are carried out for the line’s secondary substation, on both overhead secondary substation and the underground secondary substation. This measurement method is carried out in accordance to ICNIRP （International Non-Isolation Radiation Protection）specifications, and the results are compared with relevant scientific literature review.
The resulting measurements show that the maximum value is 4.878 μT located at the line overhead type substation. Although the value of the line overhead type substation is higher than that of the line underground substation, the maximum difference between the two is 14.83 times, and the average difference is 9.15 times. The reason for the investigation should be that the line overhead type is not covered completely in space, but the maximum value is still much lower than the national limit （International Non-Isolation Radiation Protection Committee ICNIRP limit 833 mG） which is about 17.08 times.
According to these results and based on current Taiwan legal standards, workplace workers are exposed to radiation below the national limit. However, the current Taiwan national limit is based on short-term exposure rather than long-term exposure. In light of past studies, it has been revealed that prolonged exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field may be associated with leukemia（especially in children under 15 years of age）, although current animal or cell related studies do not fully support the epidemiological theory of extreme low-frequency magnetic fields. However, it’s still advisable to pay attention in reducing one’s exposure to EM radiation.

並列關鍵字

Secondary Substation ； Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Wave

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