營造業蹲/跪姿勢作業勞工之肌肉骨骼疲勞探討

The study of musculoskeletal fatigue for construct workers involving squatting/kneeling task

何森沼(Shen-Chao HO)

指導教授 ： 林彥輝

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/職業安全衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2014.00139

摘要

本研究以問卷方式實地訪查599位台中市營造業勞工需長時間保持蹲/跪姿勢作業之特性、作業勞工生理負荷與健康危害等情形。結果顯示：每天作業時蹲/跪時間以1~2小時248人(41.1%)最多，其次是2~4小時159人(26.3%)；受訪者每次執行蹲/跪姿工作後休息時間以5~10分鐘254人(42.1%)最多，其次為少於5分鐘141人(23.3%)；受訪者工作一整天後全身疲勞程度以有點累350人(57.9%)最多，其次是非常累115人(19.0%)；受訪者作業時感覺下肢酸痛/疲勞時之處置情形，以坐在地上休息302人(50.0%)最多，其次為坐在椅子上休息238人(39.4%)。
因問卷調查乃作業勞工之主觀敘述，所以本研究再以OWAS方法分析作業現場實際狀況，以客觀性瞭解肌肉骨骼傷害風險的部位及姿勢，並驗證問卷調查結果之信效度。
OWAS方法分析結果及問卷調查結果均發現，長時間以蹲/跪姿勢作業與下肢痠痛/疲勞程度呈現顯著關連，痠痛/疲勞高風險部位為「膝蓋」、「背部」;因工作而發生痠痛/疲勞時，有進行治療的比例並不高，這意謂著勞工對身體痠痛不適時之處置態度大多為忍耐(或漠視)，因而增加肌肉骨骼疲勞/傷害風險。
依前述分析結果，本研究建議由教育訓練、增加每週肌肉放鬆之運動次數、妥善安排每次蹲/跪作業後的休息時間等，作為降低營造業蹲/跪姿勢作業勞工之肌肉骨骼疲勞改善方式。

關鍵字

蹲/跪姿作業 ； 生理負荷 ； 營造業勞工 ； 問卷調查 ； OWAS分析

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore the work situation, physiological workloads, and musculoskeletal disorders associated with squatting/kneeling task. The self-administered questionnaire was assessed via a cross-sectional study of 599 constructional workers in Taichung city of Taiwan. The observational result shows that the most prolonged time of squatting or kneeling for one to two hour is 248 workers (41.1%), followed by squatting or kneeling for two to four hour is 159 workers (26.3%); the most pronounced work-rest time is between 5 and 10 minute (254 workers, 42.1%), followed by less than 5 minute is 141 workers (23.3%); nearly 58% (350 workers) complains sometimes tired of the whole body, and 115 (19.0%) workers were very tired; the mostly intervention is sitting on the ground (302 workers, 50.0%), followed by sitting on the chair (238 workers, 39.4%) during low back or low extremities disorders.
The result of self-administered questionnaire were analyzed by workers’subjective responses. Hence,the study used OWAS methodology to analysis the field about the squatting/kneeling tasks. OWAS analysics objectively find out the risk of working postures and injuried parts, and verify the reliability and validity of questionnaire survey.
Above all the investigation ,the results suggested that the occupational musculoskeletal disorders may result from prolonged squatting and kneeling, especially in low back and kneel. On the other hand , the treatment ratio is not too high,it means that most of workers ignored the disorders. By means of increasing the risk of occupational musculoskeletal fatigue and injuries.
This study suggests to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal fatigue and injuries by means of training courses,and increasing weekly musculoskeletal relaxing exercise times , properly arranging the rest time after each squatting / kneeling tasks.

並列關鍵字

Squatting/kneeling task ； physiological workloads ； constructional workers ； questionnaire ； OWAS analysis

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