營養教育與運動介入對軍隊肥胖者體位、血壓、血液生化值影響之研究

The Effect of Nutrition Education or/and Exercise Intervention on Anthropometry, Blood Pressure, Blood Biochemical Measurements of an Obese Group in Soldiery

簡淑芬(Shu-fen Jian)

指導教授 ： 葉姝蘭

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/營養學研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2008.00082

摘要

國人的肥胖盛行率有逐年增加之趨勢，同樣的在國軍部隊肥胖情形亦逐年攀升，本研究藉由營養教育或運動方式介入後，探討肥胖者減重後體重、血壓、血液生化值、運動習慣、體重控制認知之改變狀況，以期作為國軍未來在制定體重控制計畫之參考。研究對象為76名20~45歲、BMI>24kg/m2的志願役軍士官。依照個人意願自行參與(1)營養教育組（29人）(2)運動組（23人）(3)營養教育配合運動組（24人）；各組進行為期12週的體重控制課程。營養教育組採取均衡低熱量飲食，每週一個半小時營養教育課程，運動組為每週一次每次一小時的有氧運動課程，並要求每人另外自行每週三次每次至少半小時以上的運動，營養教育配合運動組則兩種課程皆參加。介入前後均進行體位及血壓測量、血液生化值分析包含總膽固醇、三酸甘油酯、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇、尿酸與血糖，並利用問卷收集飲食攝取量、身體活動量、體重控制認知等資料進行統計分析。
研究結果顯示運動或營養教育介入後，營養教育配合運動組在體重、身體質量指數、腰圍、腰臀比、收縮壓、舒張壓有顯著的下降，營養教育組及運動組在臀圍有顯著增加。在血液生化值方面，營養教育配合運動組之高密度脂蛋白有顯著上升，血糖在運動組也有顯著的下降。而體重控制認知方面，營養教育組及營養教育配合運動組，在食物分類與份量項目、烹調方式選擇項目及認知項目總分顯著地比運動組高，不過三組在介入後總熱量攝取皆顯著地降低。運動消耗量方面，營養教育配合運動組在運動消耗量有顯著增加。總熱量攝取改變量、醣類攝取改變量、蛋白質攝取改變量、脂肪攝取改變量與體重改變呈正相關。由本研究可以發現，對整體減重成果而言，單獨以營養教育或運動介入其效果小於以營養教育配合運動一起介入進行體重控制。

關鍵字

營養教育 ； 肥胖 ； 運動 ； 軍隊

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to assess the differences on body weight, blood pressure, blood biochemical measurements as well as body control cognition for an obese group in soldiery. The 76 subjects were BMI>24 and 20-45 years old. The were divided into three groups according to various interventions: nutritional education group（N，n＝29）;exercise group（E，n＝23）and nutritional education combine exercise group（NE，n＝24）for 12 weeks. The “N” group was instructed to take a balance , low calorie diet and 1.5 hours of nutritional education per week . The “E” group was asked to take 1 hour exercise class and three times of voluntary exercise per week . The “NE” group was instructed to take both of the above. The anthropometric examination, blood pressure, blood biochemical tests and questionnaire were evaluated before and after intervention.
We find that（1）there were statistically significant decreases in the body weight, BMI, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure（P＜0.05）in NE group. The hip circumference were significantly higher in N and E groups.（2）Mean blood glucose concentration in E group was significantly decreased, whereas the mean HDL values was increased in NE group.（3）the dietary questionnaire showed that the score of food kinds and methods of cooking as well as total scores were significantly higher in N and NE group. The calorie intake was significantly lower after intervention in all three groups.（4）The exercise output was significantly increase in NE group. It were positively correlated to the changes in intakes of calorie, carbonhydrate, protein, and fat change in body weight. The result of this study demonstrated that the effect in NE group was better than N or E group.

並列關鍵字

nutrition education ； obesity ； exercise ； soldiery

參考文獻

黃伯超，1993-1996年國民營養健康狀況變遷調查結果，民國87年，頁301

高美丁、曾明淑、葉文婷、張英韶、潘文涵，1993-1996年國民營養健康狀況變遷調查結果，民國87年，頁143

劉燦宏，運動在減重的角色與運用，中華民國肥胖研究學會會員通訊，May 2007，頁3-5

Allison, D.B., Kaprio, J., Korkeila, M., Koskenvuo, M., Neale, M.C., and Hayakawa, K. The heritability of body mass index among an international sample of monozygotic twins reared apart. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord (1996) 20, 501-506.

Andrew P., Hills, A.P., and Byrne, N.M. Physical activity in the management of obesity. Clinics in dermatology (2004) 22, 315-318.