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  • 學位論文

評估臺中市國小學童使用睫狀肌麻痺劑控制近視其視覺功能與視覺活動之現況調查

The Assessment of Visual Functions and Activities of the Myopic Elementary Schoolchildren with Cycloplegia Treatment in Taichung City

指導教授 : 郭蕙瑛

摘要


本研究目的為評估使用睫狀肌麻痺劑控制近視之國小學童其視覺功能與視覺活動之現況調查,研究設計分成問卷調查及視覺功能檢查兩部份。全部參與的受測者共有1305位國小學童,年齡為7至12歲,其中針對162位學童進行自覺式驗光與完整視覺功能評估,分為從不點用(51位)及現在點用(111位)兩組,其各別的等價球面度數平均值為-4.67D及-2.70D,且散光度數不超過1.50D。主要測量項目為屈光度、水平瞳孔直徑、眼壓、遠距離最佳矯正視力及近距離視力、近點聚合能力、調節近點及立體視功能,此外也發放問卷,針對學童下課後所從事的視覺活動時數及點用睫狀肌麻痺劑所產生之副作用進行調查。 受測全體學童中,其近視率為45.70%,現在點用睫狀劑麻痺劑的比率為12.66%,且點用濃度所佔比例最高為0.125%(55.00%),對於現在點用組其另外無再另外搭配矯正方式的比例為61.27%,而曾經點用組的停用原因第一高為畏光(60.10%),其次為近距離閱讀困難(24.35%);點用睫狀肌麻痺劑後產生之副作用調查中顯示現在點用組其發生畏光、近距離閱讀時模糊、寫字時模糊以及看電視時模糊的平均得分皆顯著高於從不點用組(p<0.001);而點用後之學童其視覺活動時數之比較顯示現在點用組其寫作業的平均時數顯著高於從不點用組(p=0.020),但近視組在使用手機及Diopter hours的平均時數顯著高於非近視組(p=0.040;p=0.010)。 對照現在點用與從不點用睫狀肌麻痺劑之近視學童其眼球生理與視覺功能,統計結果顯示近視學童之水平瞳孔直徑,現在點用組其兩眼的平均值皆顯著高於從不點用組(6.59±1.00 mm , 6.64±0.94 mm , p<0.001;5.31±0.91 mm , 5.33±0.92 mm , p<0.001),然而,兩組間眼壓值並未有顯著差異(p=0.749;p=0.920);比較兩組之遠距離最佳矯正視力值中,現在點用組其右眼、左眼、雙眼分別為0.50±0.34、0.55±0.32、0.40±0.31 logMAR,從不點用組則分別是0.38±0.35、0.35±0.36、0.27±0.34 logMAR,現在點用組之平均遠距離視力皆顯著較差(p=0.038;p=0.001;p=0.018),在兩組之近距離最佳矯正視力值中,現在點用組其右眼、左眼、雙眼分別為0.18±0.19、0.16±0.17、0.11±0.16 logMAR,從不點用組分別是0.09±0.10、0.09±0.12、0.06±0.08 logMAR,現在點用組之平均近距離視力皆顯著較差(p<0.001;p=0.007;p=0.004);在近點聚合能力比較方面,現在點用組其破裂點及回復點的距離顯著高於從不點用組(12.52±8.13 cm , 14.98±8.51 cm , p<0.001;5.48±4.96 cm , 7.90±5.78 cm , p<0.001),且調節近點能力(調節幅度)也顯著低於從不點用組(7.53±4.49 D , 7.32±4.26 D , p<0.001;15.65±6.41 D , 15.30±5.96 D , p<0.001),此外雙眼瞳孔大小與調節能力之關聯呈現顯著負相關(r=-0.232*,p<0.05;r=-0.330*,p<0.05),而其雙眼之調節能力與近距離視力值間也呈現顯著負相關(r=-0.367**,p<0.01;r=-0.338**,p<0.01)。此外,立體視功能評估方面,經風險分析發現,現在點用組的立體視功能異常的風險為從不點用組的2.56倍(p<0.05)。 點用睫狀肌麻痺劑後會使瞳孔顯著變大、但對於眼壓值沒有造成顯著影響。視覺功能評估方面,點用睫狀肌麻痺劑之學童其遠距離及近距離最佳矯正視力、近點聚合能力與近點調節能力皆顯著下降,且其立體視介於正常值範圍的所佔人數比例明顯較低,由此證實學童使用睫狀肌麻痺劑控制近視的同時,會伴隨多重視覺功能下降及相關抱怨症狀之發生。目前臺灣點用睫狀肌麻痺劑的近視兒童比率與國外文獻相比之下明顯偏高,因此建議學童若長時間使用藥物控制近視,應研擬更嚴謹之相關配套措施(例如:如何落實戶外防護措施及配合配戴多焦點鏡片等),長期點用之副作用及安全性仍需要更多的研究證實,同時應對點用學童之眼睛健康與視覺功能進行仔細臨床評估與定期監控觀察。

並列摘要


Purpose: To investigate the effects of atropine usage on changes in ocular physiology, binocular visual function and visual activities in Taiwanese myopic children. Methods: 1305 schoolchildren aged 7 to 12 years were participated in the study. The refractive status was determined using an open-field autorefractor and the measurements of pupil size and intraocular pressure were also done. A variety of visual functions were measured binocularly for the children who are currently using atropine to control myopia progression and for those who don’t use. The side effects of atropine usage and visual activities were assessed by using questionnaires. Results: 45.7% of the subjects were myopic, of which 32% were on regular atropine treatment. The atropine group had a significantly larger pupil size(p< 0.001) but a similar mean IOP compared to the control group. Reduced BCVAs were found in the children with atropine compared to the non-atropine group both at distance(0.40±0.31 vs. 0.27±0.34 logMAR, p<0.05) and at near(0.11±0.16 vs. 0.06±0.08 logMAR, p<0.01). Poorer binocular functions of convergence, accommodation and stereopsis were observed in the atropine group (p<0.05). The children who used atropine spent more time on writing homework (6.66±3.87 hours vs. 5.11±3.63 hours , p=0.020). Conclusion: Children’s horizontal pupil diameter and visual function were greatly affected by atropine usage. The combination of using other myopia control means should be considered (e.g. progressive addition lens). And their visual function and ocular health should be long-term monitored.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


粘瑛珊(2016)。點用阿托品控制近視之臺灣國小學童配戴漸進多焦點鏡片其視覺功能與度數變化之追蹤調查〔碩士論文,中山醫學大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0003-2707201614590500

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