顏⾊噪⾳暴露對工作者工作效率影響

The Study of Relationship between Colors of Noise and Work Efficiency

黃杬灝(Yuan-Hao Huang)

指導教授 ： 盧士一

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/職業安全衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2017年)

摘要

台灣年輕世代族群從事白領工作的趨勢，追求工作場所環境品質舒適和工作效率的需求，因此為了提高白領工作的工作效率，利用文獻上三種顏色噪音來附加於白領工作型態作業場所噪音環境；文獻中學者利用粉紅噪音做人體睡眠實驗，並且證實粉紅噪音能將腦波電位引導至較低的電位。本研究利用物理方法，試圖於認知試驗中瞭解三種基本顏色噪音對工作效率的影響。

模擬白領工作場所的低分貝背景噪音暴露型態，並以頻譜分析儀對實驗背景確認。分別以單純背景暴露、分別附加紅噪音、粉紅噪音、白噪音等情境，在二十分鐘噪音適應暴露後開始實驗。比較認知試驗「簡單反應測試（ Psychomotor speed ）」、「注意力測試（Attention）」、「執行功能測試（Executive function）」、「工作記憶（ Ｗorking memory ）」等情況的差異，利用 SD 法（ Semantic Differential Method ）問卷調查受測者對主觀環境舒適度評價，再評估研究結果。

在簡單反應測試的結果，紅噪音、粉紅噪音、白噪音情境皆有非常顯著變佳；在執行功能測試的結果，紅噪音、粉紅噪音、白噪音情境皆有非常顯著變佳；在注意力答題正確率的結果，粉紅噪音情境高於其他情境，粉紅噪音情境皆有顯著變佳；在工作記憶測試的結果中，紅、粉紅噪音情境分數有非常顯著上升，白噪音情境皆有顯著上升；在舒適度問卷調查的結果，紅、粉紅噪音有較好的判斷、執行，整體環境暴露評價稍微好。
目前認為噪音對人體的聽力、心血管、情緒等方面有不好的影響，但是某種背景噪音暴露卻有助於改善環境舒適度，驗證了先前學者的研究；本研究結果顯示簡單反應、執行功能等項有顯著效果或較好的趨勢，因此未來可以利用背景噪音，改善白領工作型態作業場所人員，讓白領工作型態作業場所人員有更好的音響環境與工作效率。

關鍵字

紅噪音 ； 粉紅噪音 ； 白噪音 ； 舒適度 ； 工作效率

並列摘要

Young generation in Taiwan prefers careers as white-collar workers in recent years, in the pursuit of more comfortable working environment and better working efficiency. Thus, in order to enhance the efficiency of white-collar workers, experiments of three types of noise exposure were conducted. Previous studies have proven the pink noise can lead the brain wave to a lower potential. In this study, we utilized physical methods to understand impacts which three color noises have on the working efficiency in cognitive experiments.

During experiments, low-decibel background noise of white-collar workplace was simulated and measured by a spectrum analyzer. All of experiment participants were exposed to sound environment of quiet, red, pink and white noise respectively. Twenty minutes later, figures of psychomotor speed, attention, executive function and working memory were recorded. In this study, Semantic Difference method was used to test the subjective environmental comfort evaluation.

Red noise, pink noise and white noise were significantly more positive with regard to quiet environment in psychomotor speed test. As for attention test, pink noise was the only significantly positive compared with quiet environment. Red noise, pink noise and white noise resulted in better executive function test, in contrast to quiet environment. Red noise and pink noise were significantly more positive, while white noise was significantly positive with regard to quiet environment in working memory test. Lastly, the results of the comfort questionnaire, red and pink noise increase possibility of better judgment, implementation, and slightly better overall environmental exposure evaluation.

At present time, it is considered that the noise has negative effects on hearing, cardiovascular and emotional aspects of human body. However, experiment results showed that certain noise exposure can improve the environmental comfort. Hence, it is feasible to use the colors noise to improve productivity and good workplace in the future.

並列關鍵字

red noise ； pink noise ； white noise ； Comfort ； work efficiency

參考文獻

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