- 學位論文
延宕厭惡對無聊與注意力不足過動症狀關聯的中介效果
The Mediating Effect of Delay Aversion on the Relationship between Boredom and ADHD Symptomatology
摘要
無聊是一種等待時經常出現的厭惡經驗，而延宕厭惡被視為是注意力不足過動症的特徵之一，注意力不足過動症兒童時常有等待困難。既有文獻支持無聊傾向與延宕厭惡與注意力不足過動症狀相關，卻缺乏對於三者關係的探討，故本研究探討無聊傾向、延宕厭惡及注意力不足過動症狀間的關聯性。 本研究共納入92位具注意力不足過動症診斷的兒童為臨床組，以及93位健康兒童為控制組，以簡版無聊傾向量表、快速延宕量表和注意力缺陷過動症中文版量表分別測量無聊特質、延宕厭惡和注意力不足過動症狀。結果發現（1）臨床組的自評與家長評量之無聊傾向及延宕厭惡程度均顯著高於控制組；（2）家長評量之無聊傾向、延宕厭惡與注意力不足過動症狀嚴重度間成顯著正相關；（3）家長評量之無聊傾向及延宕厭惡可獨立預測ADHD症狀嚴重度；（4）家長評量之延宕厭惡對於無聊傾向及注意力不足過動症狀間的關聯有顯著中介效果。本研究支持，注意力不足過動症兒童的無聊傾向及延宕厭惡高於一般兒童，家長評量的兒童無聊傾向會透過延宕厭惡去影響注意力不足過動症狀表現。研究結果有助於提供患者教育或治療介入參考。
並列摘要
Boredom is a common experience while waiting. Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often have waiting difficulties. Delay aversion – the motivation to escape or avoid delay is a characteristic of ADHD. Boredom and delay aversion both are found to be associated with ADHD symptoms, but no previous research has investigated the associations among the three factors. This study aimed to explore the impact of delay aversion on the relationship between boredom proneness and ADHD symptoms in children with and without ADHD. This study included 92 ADHD children and 93 typically developing controls. We used the Short Boredom Proneness Scale, Quick Delay Questionnaire and Chinese Version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV rating scale to measure trait boredom, delay aversion and ADHD symptom severity respectively. The results showed that: (1) Self-ratings and parent ratings both showed that children with ADHD displayed a higher level of boredom proneness and delay aversion than controls; (2) Parent-ratings of boredom proneness, delay aversion and ADHD symptoms severity were significant positively correlated; (3) Parent-ratings of boredom proneness and delay aversion independently predicted ADHD symptoms severity; (4) Parent-ratings of delay aversion mediated the association between boredom proneness and ADHD symptom severity. The results show that children with ADHD have a higher level of boredom proneness and delay aversion than the controls. Parent-ratings of boredom proneness led to delay aversion which in turn led to ADHD symptom severity. These findings may facilitate the development of coping strategies for ADHD.