探究醫院看護的勞動情境、因應與社會支持

本研究透過深度訪談8位本國籍醫院看護，探詢其面臨的勞動情境，以及看護如何因應或藉由社會支持來應對勞動情境造成的影響。透過社會支持功能的界定，將醫院看護面臨的勞動情境從工具性面向、情緒性面向、資訊性面向、評價性面向分別論述。研究結果顯示：一、在工具性面向中，醫院看護面臨的勞動情境包含接案對象的選擇、工作時間的型態、醫護的要求、調班與暫停接新班。醫院看護除了在「醫護的要求」此情境中，會藉由自行學習照護知識與技術、自行執行照護工作的方式來因應勞動情境，其餘勞動情境皆由人力仲介公司提供協助。二、在情緒性面向中，醫院看護面臨的勞動情境則包含病患的狀態、病患家屬的要求。因應的方式則透過決定調班、調整心態、自我控制情緒、與家屬溝通與說明來達到。醫院看護的支持方式則藉由人力仲介公司協助調班、同事間相互支持、護理師協助說明來獲得。三、在資訊性面向中，醫院看護面臨的勞動情境為照顧經驗的缺乏、專業知識的不足，透過自行學習照護知識與技術的方式進行因應，並從護理師或同事的經驗傳授中得到協助與支持。四、在評價性面向中，醫院看護面臨的勞動情境則分為病患家屬的態度、護理師的評價。醫院看護藉由病患家屬或護理師的感謝與肯定、對待醫院看護的態度、回頭班、告知醫院看護接班資訊來獲得社會支持。建議將看護進行全國登記建檔、加強宣導醫院看護照護工作的範圍、建立醫院看護相互支持的平台，以及建全人力仲介公司營運制度。

關鍵字

醫院看護；勞動情境；因應；社會支持

並列摘要

This research conducted an in-depth interview with 8 nursing aides in hospitals of Taiwan to inquire about the labor condition they face, and how they can adjust to or use social support to deal with the impact of the labor condition. Through the definition of the social support function, the labor condition faced by nursing aides is discussed separately from the instrumental aspect, the emotional aspect, the information aspect, and the appraisal aspect. The research results show that: 1. In the instrumental aspect, the labor condition faced by nursing aides includes the choice of patients, the type of working hours, the requirements of medical care, shift shifts, and suspension of new shifts. In addition to the situation of "requirements of medical care", nursing aides adjust to the labor condition by learning nursing knowledge and technology on their own and performing caring work on their own. The rest of the labor condition is assisted by a human resources agency. 2. In the emotional aspect, the labor condition faced by nursing aides includes the patient's state and the requirements of the patient's family. The way of adjustment is achieved by deciding to shift shifts, adjusting mentality, self-controlling emotions, and communicating and explaining with family members. The support methods of nursing aides are obtained through the assistance of shift adjustments by the labor agency company, mutual support among colleagues, and assistance from nursing aides. 3. In the information aspect, the labor condition faced by nursing aides is the lack of care experience and the lack of professional knowledge. They respond by learning nursing knowledge and skills on their own and receive assistance and support from the experience teaching of nurses or colleagues. 4. In the appraisal aspect, the labor condition faced by nursing aides is divided into the attitudes of the patient's family members and the evaluation of the nurses. Nursing aides obtain social support through gratitude and affirmation from the patient’s family or nurses, their attitude towards nursing aides, returning shifts, and informing nursing aides of the case information. It is recommended that nursing aides should be registered and filed nationwide, the scope of nursing aides should be strengthened, a platform for mutual support of nursing aides should be established, and the operating system of all human agency companies should be established.