柴油車排煙檢測人員多環芳香烴化合物暴露生物偵測與介入改善研究

Biomonitoring of the diesel vehicle emissions inspectors exposed to PAHs and study for the improvement with intervention

張津碩(Jin-Shou Chang)

指導教授 ： 毛義方 ； 劉宏信

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/職業安全衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2009.00154

摘要

近年來全球柴油車使用有日益增加的趨勢，將有更多人力投入柴油車排煙檢測的工作。柴油車排煙檢測人員是在檢測站負責柴油車不同負載之下進行排煙檢測，人員於進行柴油車排放廢氣檢測時可能暴露於大量黑煙及粒狀汙染物。本研究目的為評估柴油車排煙檢測站排煙檢測人員之PAHs暴露情形與介入改善，包括室內設置空氣清淨機及冷氣機加裝靜電濾網與人員配戴防塵口罩之暴露改善效果。

本研究對象為台灣中部某柴油車排煙檢測站之排煙檢測人員共11人及對照組32人，排煙檢測站環境多環芳香烴化合物(PAHs)採樣與分析方法均依照美國職業安全衛生研究所(US/NIOSH) No.5506方法。尿中1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP)測定方法則依照1983年Keimig等人及1985年Jongeneelen等人對人的尿液樣本測定及修正方法。空氣樣本及尿液樣本經前處理後，均使用高效能液相層析儀(HPLC)及螢光偵測器(FLD)進行分析，尿液樣本並使用尿中肌酸酐(creatinine, cr.)值校正個人尿中1-OHP代謝量，另外進行可能會影響尿中1-OHP濃度的生活習慣及飲食問卷調查，以分析其干擾因子。

本研究進行兩週檢測站環境採樣，檢測站環境採樣區分為檢測線區、行政辦公室區及檢測站室外大氣區，而介入改善前為採樣第一週，介入改善後為採樣第二週。結果顯示環境採樣PM2.5(Particulate Matter < 2.5 μm氣動直徑)的部分，檢測站室外大氣PM2.5五天平均濃度為45.29±10.62 μg/m3、第一週檢測線PM2.5五天平均濃度為120.71±38.09 μg/m3、第二週檢測線PM2.5五天平均濃度為164.48±52.71 μg/m3、介入改善前行政辦公室PM2.5五天平均濃度經檢測線濃度校正後為110.81±40.22 μg/m3(原81.32±29.51 μg/m3)及介入改善後行政辦公室PM2.5五天平均濃度34.94±11.65 μg/m3，介入改善後行政辦公室環境PM2.5濃度平均下降68.5%，且具有統計上顯著意義。環境採樣PM2.5中PAHs的部分，檢測站室外大氣PAHs五天平均濃度為16.81±10.56 ng/m3、第一週檢測線PAHs五天平均濃度為87.85±46.41 ng/m3、第二週檢測線PAHs五天平均濃度為85.43±56.91 ng/m3、介入改善前行政辦公室PAHs五天平均濃度為50.03 ±18.27 ng/m3及介入改善後行政辦公室PAHs五天平均濃度11.86 ±6.79 ng/m3，介入改善後行政辦公室環境PM2.5中PAHs平均濃度有顯著降低(p<0.001)，且濃度平均下降76.3% (51-91%)。

排煙檢測人員尿中1-OHP濃度區分為介入改善前排煙檢測人員及介入改善後排煙檢測人員之尿中1-OHP濃度，結果顯示介入改善前排煙檢測人員尿中1-OHP濃度為1.29±0.85 μmole/mole cr.，介入改善後之排煙檢測人員尿中1-OHP濃度為0.99±0.71 μmole/mole cr.，介入改善後排煙檢測人員尿中1-OHP濃度下降23.3%，具有邊緣性顯著意義(p=0.063)，且介入改善後排煙檢測人員口罩配戴時間長短會影響尿中1-OHP濃度，並具有統計上顯著意義(p<0.001)。排煙檢測人員尿中1-OHP濃度約為對照組(0.64±0.47 μmole/mole cr.)的2倍，且具有統計上顯著意義(p<0.001)。

本研究顯示室內設置空氣清淨機及冷氣機加裝靜電濾網(3M-FFP1)可有效降低環境PM2.5及其PAHs濃度，且介入改善可降低排煙檢測人員尿中1-OHP濃度。人員口罩配戴時間長短明顯會影響尿中1-OHP濃度。

關鍵字

柴油車排煙檢測人員 ； 多環芳香烴化合物 ； PM2.5 ； 尿中1-hydroxypyrene

並列摘要

In the last decade, the amount of diesel vehicles in the world is increasing, and more and more people work for diesel vehicle emissions inspection. Diesel vehicle emissions (DVEs) inspectors examine the diesel vehicle emissions under different loading situations in the diesel vehicle emissions inspection station (DVEIS), they exposed to a lot of black smoke and particulate matters when inspected diesel vehicles. The purpose of this study is to determine the PAHs exposure of the inspectors at DVEIS and for the improvement with intervention by air cleaner, electrostatic filters equipped in the air conditioners in office and wearing a dust masks for workers.

Eleven DVEs inspectors working at DVEIS in the central of Taiwan, were recruited as the subjects of the study. The environmental PAHs sampling and analytical methods of the study were in compliance with US/NIOSH No.5506. The analytic method of Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) were in accordance with the method of Keimig et al., 1983 and Jongeneelen et al., 1985. After pre-treatment, air PAHs and urinary 1-OHP were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence detector (FLD), and the urinary 1-OHP was corrected by creatinine (cr.). In addition, a questionnaires of lifestyle and diet customs were adopted to adjust confounders.

The results showed that average concentrations of PM2.5 in the outdoor ambient environment were 45.29±10.62 μg/m3, the inspection line were 120.71±38.09 μg/m3 and 164.48±52.71 μg/m3 in the first and second week, respectively. The average concentrations of PM2.5 in the administrative office were 110.81±40.22 μg/m3(after adjustment inspect line concentration) and 34.94±11.65 μg/m3 before and after intervention, respectively; the concentrations of PM2.5 were significantly reduced 68.5% (p<0.001) after intervention. The average concentrations of PAHs for PM2.5 in the outdoor ambient environment were 16.81±10.56 ng/m3, the inspection line were 87.85±46.41 ng/m3 and 85.43±56.91 ng/m3 in the first and second week, respectively. The average concentrations of PAHs for PM2.5 in the administrative office were 50.03±18.27 ng/m3 and 11.86±6.79 ng/m3 before and after intervention, respectively; the concentrations of PAHs for PM2.5 were significantly reduced 76.3% (p<0.001) after intervention.

The average concentrations of workers’ urinary 1-OHP were 1.29±0.85 μmole/mole cr. and 0.99±0.71 μmole/mole cr. before and after intervention, respectively; the concentrations of workers’ urinary 1-OHP were Borderline significantly reduced 23.3% after intervention (p=0.063). The urinary 1-OHP concentrations would significantly affected by the length of wearing the dust mask of DVEs inspectors after intervention in this study. The average concentrations of urinary 1-OHP of exposure workers were about two times higher than the reference group (0.64±0.47 μmole/mole cr., p<0.001).

This study showed that air cleaners and electrostatic filters can effectively reduce the air PM2.5 and PAHs in indoor; then the urinary 1-OHP concentration of DVEs inspectors can be reduced by the interventions. In the other hand, the length of wearing the dust mask of workers can significantly affect the urinary 1-OHP level.

並列關鍵字

diesel vehicle emissions inspector ； PAHs ； PM2.5 ； urinary 1-hydroxypyrene

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