矯正機關潛伏結核感染相關因素調查

背景：結核病為全球矚目的公共衛生議題，根據世界衛生組織(WHO)統計全球約有20億人口感染結核桿菌。矯正機關收容人結核病發病率是一般族群的5-70倍。然而，國內矯正機關針對潛伏結核感染研究著墨不多，若能掌握潛伏結核感染相關因素予以治療，即能有效預防結核病發生。目的：矯正機關為人口密集機構，環境過度擁擠，收容人為潛伏結核感染高風險族群，藉由潛伏結核感染檢驗，探討矯正機關收容人罹患潛伏結核感染陽性率及相關因素，以維護職員及收容人健康。方法：本研究採橫斷式調查法，以2021年1-12月於北部某矯正機關182名收容人為樣本。以研究自擬問卷為研究工具，問卷內容包含人口學特性、生活型態、結核病及潛伏結核感染之知識及潛伏結核感染檢驗治療意願等四部分。研究以SPSS 23.0統計軟體進行資料分析，運用次數分配、卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、變異數分析及羅吉斯迴歸。結果：本研究發現矯正機關收容人罹患潛伏結核感染陽性率為14%，相關因子有年齡41歲以上、高血壓、C型肝炎、愛滋病毒感染、菸齡21年以上及施用海洛英，相關風險值介於2.11-6.65倍之間。研究亦顯示影響結核病及潛伏結核感染知識因子為年齡、職業類別及菸齡21年以上。結論與建議：為降低結核病發生，建議潛伏結核感染相關因素者，皆應接受潛伏結核感染檢驗與治療。未來，矯正機關可增進辦理相關衛教知識以提高潛伏結核感染檢驗意願，進而有效控制結核病發生。

關鍵字

結核病；潛伏結核感染；矯正機關；收容人

並列摘要

Background: Tuberculosis is a global public health issue. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO) , there is around 2 billion population are infected with tuberculosis in the world. The incidence of tuberculosis in correctional institutions is 5-70 times that higher than of the general population. However, there is not much research on latent tuberculosis infection in domestic correctional institutions. If the relevant factors of latent tuberculosis infection can be grasped and treated, the occurrence of tuberculosis can be effectively prevented. Objective: Correctional institutions are densely populated institutions with overcrowded environments, and the inmates are groups at high risk of latent tuberculosis infection. Through the latent tuberculosis infection test, the positive rate and relevant factors of latent tuberculosis infection in correctional institutions are investigated to maintain the health of staff and inmates. Meterial and Methods: This study adopteds a cross-sectional survey method. Total of 182 inmates in a correctional institution in the north of Taiwan was studied. The study conducted from January to December 2021. The study used questionnaire to understand the factors affecting the Latent Tuberculosis infection in correctional institution. The questionnaire content includes four parts: demographic characteristics, lifestyle, knowledge of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection, and willingness to test and treat latent tuberculosis infection. This study SPSS 23.0 statistical software was used for data analysis, using frequency distribution, chi-square test, independent sample t test, analysis of variance and logistic regression. Result: This study found that the positive rate of latent tuberculosis infection in correctional institutions was 14%. The relevant factors were age(over 41 years old) , hypertension, HIV infection, hepatitis C, smoking age over 21 years, heroin user. The study also showed that the factors affecting knowledge of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection were age, occupational category and smoking age of more than 21 years. Conclusion: In order to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis, it is recommended that all people with relevant factors for latent tuberculosis infection should be tested and treated for latent tuberculosis infection. In the future, correctional institutions can improve the knowledge of relevant health education to increase the willingness to test for latent tuberculosis infection, thereby effectively controlling the occurrence of tuberculosis.