跨區域青少年心理健康調查研究-台灣澳門二地青少年心理健康比較

Mental Health in Adolescents across Two Chinese-Root Regions: A comparison between Taiwan and Macao High School Students

曾堉桁(YU-HANG TSENG)

指導教授 ： 楊浩然

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/公共衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2017年)

摘要

研究目的：研究選擇台灣中學與澳門中學的學生作為研究對象，比較不同地區，相似文化下青少年心理狀況與探討人格、雙親教養與生活事件對於青少年心理狀況的影響。
研究方法：採用橫斷式研究，澳門教會學校一所、台灣一般公立完全中學一所、天主教私立完全中學一所，國中一年級到高中三年級，共770份，生活事件、雙親教養態度、神經質人格、憂鬱症狀之間之關係，以調節式中介效果:條件過程分析(Moderated Mediation: Conditional Process Analysis)進行調節式中介效果(Moderated Mediation)分析。
研究結果：神經質人格為憂鬱症狀之預測因子(β=1.66~2.03)，地區為人格與憂鬱症狀之調節因子(β=3.87~5.03)；地區會預測憂鬱症狀；不論是父親保護或是母親保護皆會預測憂鬱症狀，但是父親保護在人格對憂鬱症狀有調節作用(β=-0.02~-0.03)；正向獨立事件會緩和憂鬱症狀，且母親關懷在其中有調節作用。
結論：神經質人格對憂鬱症狀有影響，但是文化大環境的因素會對其有緩衝之作用，而父母教養則對青少年之心理健康有一定程度的影響，其中以父親的教養態度對青少年的心理健康影響較大，
父親教養態度傾向過度保護時，依然對於青少年的心理健康有正面的影響，在亞洲文化中，青少年的心理健康會受到雙親教養態度之影響，且文化也會直接或間接地影響其心理狀態。

關鍵字

青少年 ； 憂鬱症狀 ； 父母教養 ； 生活事件 ； 神經質人格 ； 澳門 ； 台灣

並列摘要

Objective: To explore the psychological status of adolescents in different regions but with similar cultures and the influence of teenagers' psychological status by different effect factors, such as personality, parents' parenting and life events, this paper studied two group of the students as the research objects - one was the Taiwan region high school students and the other was Macao region high school students.
Research methods: The Population of this paper is the students of a parochial school in Macau, the students of a Taiwan public comprehensive junior-senior high school and the students of a catholic private secondary school, the first to the third grade of both high school students and senior high school students in each school, and sampling of 770 questionnaires which including relative questions of life events, parenting attitude, personality, and depressive symptoms. And the paper used cross-sectional study and analyzed by Moderated Mediation: Conditional Process Analysis.
Results: The neurotic personality is a predictor of depression symptoms(β=1.66~2.03), and the region is a regulator of the personality and melancholy symptoms(β=3.87~5.03); the region factor can be used to predict depression symptoms whether both father protection or mother protection, it will predict depression symptoms. Otherwise, the father protection and the mother care will be a regulatory role for the personality of the symptoms of depression and the positive derivative events will ease the depression symptoms.
Conclusion: The neurotic personality influences melancholy symptoms, but the factors of cultural environment have a buffering effect, while parenting attitude has a certain effect on the mental health of adolescents, especially the parenting attitude of father has more effect. Among them, the mental health of adolescents in the Asian culture, the mental health of adolescents will be affected by the attitude of parenting, and the culture will directly or indirectly affect their psychological state.

並列關鍵字

Adolescents ； depression ； parenting ； life events ； neuroticism ； Macao ； Taiwan

參考文獻

徐畢卿, 羅文倬, & 龍佛衛. (1999). 雙親教養態度量表中文版之信效度研究. 護理研究, 7(5), 479-489.

楊志清. (2009). 青少年憂鬱症狀變化與生活事件數目之探討: 短期追蹤及人格面向的影響. 中山醫學大學醫學研究所學位論文, 1-74.

Block, J. H., Gjerde, P. F., & Block, J. H. (1991). Personality antecedents of depressive tendencies in 18-year-olds: a prospective study. Journal of personality and social psychology, 60(5), 726.

Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Mineka, S. (1994). Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of abnormal psychology, 103(1), 103.

Freud, S. (1917). General theory of the neuroses. Standard edition, 16, 243-463.