- 學位論文
某養豬場生物氣膠及其抗生素抗藥性採樣評估
Evaluation of Bioaerosol and its Antibiotic-resistant Characteristics in Swine Buildings
摘要
全球近期出現了俗稱超級細菌「NDM-1」，NDM-1指的是產生抗藥性（antibiotic-resistant）的細菌，目前主要有兩種：一是大腸桿菌，症狀包括腹瀉、嘔吐和血中毒等；另一個則是克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌，症狀像是肺炎和尿道發炎等慢性病、年紀大或手術住院的患者都是高危險群，目前只有兩種第四線抗生素：老虎黴素(Tigecycline)、克痢黴素(Colistin)有效。NDM-1可存活於不同菌種，目前最常見是由大腸桿菌攜帶，並對最廣效的抗生素碳青黴烯類（carbapenem）具抗藥性。碳青黴烯類是治療抗藥性病症的最後防線，通常醫生不到最後關頭不會使用。這道防線一旦全面失守，後果將不堪設想。 本研究以安德森六階、安德森單階、AGI-30、 Biosampler四種生物氣膠採樣器，選擇在養豬場室內、室外，以及在其堆肥舍儲存槽進行生物氣膠採樣，並進行後續菌種鑑定及抗藥性分析。菌種皆以TSAII 含5% SB培養，並進行PHOENIX菌種鑑定、和藥敏性試驗分析儀、以及API快速標準細菌鑑定方法。 研究結果顯示養豬場環境中溫度約為33℃~34.1℃，最高溫可達40℃，相對濕度34.8 %~61.6 %，以葡萄球菌屬(Staphylococcus spp.)及芽孢桿菌屬(Bacillus spp.)為優勢菌種。研究結果指出環境中溫濕度愈高其生物氣膠也越濃；而金黃色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)對多種抗生素之抗藥性測試結果顯示：S. aureus對Amoxicillin-Clavulanate、Quinupristin-dalfopristin、Ampicillin、Clindamycin、Erythromycin以及Penicillin G具有抗藥性。而僅以Levofloxacin、Linezolid、Moxifloxacin、Vancomycin這4種抗生素相對於養豬場細菌能有效地抑制生長。 因此，分析各菌屬對於人體在養豬場環境中，長期吸入是否會造成人體的危害，甚至造成人體中是否會有抗生素抗藥性的影響，是值得進一步深入研究的。
並列摘要
In recent years, the global find a kind of bacteria is named super-bacteria "NDM-1".This bacteria was antagonistic with the drug. We called them for’’antibiotics’’. Furthermore it had two bacteria kind of this,(1) E. colil; the symptom includes : diarrhea, vomit and blood poisoning.(2) the other is Klebsiella pneumoniae, the symptom includes : pneumonia, inflammation of the urethra, similar chronic,the older were high-risk patients. The aimed to study bioaerosol in Taiwan to understand the possibly the employee. The results show that the sampling, the relative humidity was between 34.8% and 61.6% and the temperature was between 33℃ and 34.1℃ in the pig fattening houses. Moreover, the highest temperature could reach to 40℃. Based on the strain identification, it was concluded that Staphylococcus spp. belongs to superior strains, followed by Bacillus spp., and other minority strains. The results also showed that when the temperature increased, the bioaerosol concentration also increased. The Staphylococcus aureus showed 60%, 23%, 4.8%, 4.8%, 24%, and 0% sensitive characteristics to Amoxicillin-Clavulanate、Quinupristin-dalfopristin、Ampicillin、Clindamycin、Erythromycin and Penicillin G, respectively. On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus had different degree of Characteristics of Antibiotic-resistant to above antibiotics. However, it was effective to used Levofloxacin、Linezolid、Moxifloxacin、and Vancomycin to stop the growth of S. aureus which was cultured and sampled by the study (up to 80 % sensitive). Therefore it is important to analysis of the bacterial for the environment in pig fattening houses. If the workers stay in the houses to work for long-term inhalation, it might cause health hazards even cause the Antibiotic resistance. It still needed further researches in the future.