反共所繫之處： 冷戰前期臺港泰國民黨報紙副刊宣傳研究

本文作為文化冷戰史的研究，透過檢視冷戰前期（1950-1971）的國民黨報紙副刊，討論臺灣《中央日報》、香港《香港時報》以及泰國《世界日報》在這段期間反映了何種反共宣傳修辭。宣傳作為隱蔽的修辭，本文試圖探究的便是它所繫之處。本文題目「反共所繫之處」，參考自法國歷史學家皮耶・諾哈（Pierre Nora，1931-）的《記憶所繫之處》（Les Lieux de memorie）一書。書名原文Lieu，字義為地方、場所，它並非一個具有具體空間與地點的「地方」，它可以是地理上的地方，也能是各種意義上的「地方」。諾哈對法國史上的各種「地方」如何被述說的思考，提供本文在理解「反共」如何被生產、建構、傳承，進而影響當今社會的觀察。反共究竟如何被記憶，並且持續地再利用？反共作為冷戰記憶，它又是以何種姿態被維繫在各種「地方」？反共雖看似一種立場明顯的政治主張，然而它的內容有其複雜與曖昧不明之處，這些又該如何感受？本文好奇的是，戰後的國民黨政府如何接受美國的文化冷戰宣傳，並與美國介入政局的舉措產生抗拒、協商的關係，使得國民黨政府的反共政策在臺灣、香港以及泰國有著因地制宜的在地性，是本文的討論目標。具體而言，本文以「冷戰」以及「反共」兩個面向切入，希望跳脫傳統文化冷戰史以美、蘇為中心的研究，而是以受援助國如何回應美援為焦點。因此，本文關注報紙副刊如何透過節慶以製造愛國的修辭，而國民黨政府與美國又是如何在副刊中共構一場又一場的宣傳戰。

關鍵字

文化冷戰；宣傳研究；副刊研究；國民黨報紙；反共文藝；區域研究

並列摘要

This study, as a study on cultural cold war history, aims to discuss the rhetoric of anti-communist propaganda in the KMT’s newspaper supplements during the early stage of cold war (1950-1971), by examining Central Daily News in Taiwan, Hong Kong Times in Hong Kong and The Universal Daily News in Thailand. This study tries to explore les lieux of propaganda as a kind of invisible rhetoric. The title of this study “Les Lieux of Anti-Communism” is a reference to French historian Pierre Nora’s edited collection Les Lieux de memorie. “Lieux” is the plural form of “lieu”. In French, “lieu” can mean a place or a site, but not necessarily a place with tangible space and location. “Lieu” can refer to a geographical place, and also a “place” in many other different senses. Nora’s reflections on how every “place” is narrated in French history help this study to explore how the concept of “anti-communism” is manufactured, constructed, inherited, and even further influences today’s society. How is this concept remembered and incessantly recycled? How is the concept, as part of the cold war memories, maintained in different forms in every “place”? Since anti-communism, which seems to be a clear-cut political position, is actually a very complicated and ambiguous concept, how can we interpret our feelings about it? This study is interested in how the postwar KMT government accept U.S. government’s cultural propaganda, and when U.S. tries to intervene in the political situation, how does it resist and negotiate with this outside force, and make its anti-communist policies produce different localities in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Thailand respectively. More specifically, this study hopes to break away from the traditional framework of cultural cold war history centered on U.S. and Soviet governments, and instead discuss how the aided countries respond to the U.S. aid from the perspectives of “cold war” and “anti-communism”. Therefore, this study focus on how newspaper supplements manufactured the patriotic rhetoric through festival writings, and how KMT and U.S. governments collaborate in propaganda wars through these supplements.