中韓民間故事中狐形象比較研究

韓國人的心目中，「狐」只有負面的形象，所以狐在韓國古代社會裡從無任何的地位。最近得知狐在韓國古代人認為不僅是危害人類的動物，而幫助人類的動物。中國民間故事中，狐大部分是不忘恩的動物，有些是害人的。反正，韓國民間故事中，狐大部分有負面的形象，而中國民間故事中，狐大都有正面的形象。雖然韓國民間故事中，狐危害人類的故事多，但相比中國民間故事，故事種類多樣。民間故事是口口相傳下來的，所以不知故事發生的時間和地點等等。中國方面的材料是《中國民間故事集成》加上《太平廣記》，而韓國方面的材料是《韓國口碑文學大系》。在這篇論文的第二章，講中韓狐形象與象徵意義的演變。首先，考察中韓狐的起源與青丘。中國狐故事的起源應是神話開始，《詩經》和《山海經》裡找到狐的象徵意義和狐故事的起源。而目前韓國幾乎找不到有關記錄狐的痕跡。接下來，用各時代的文獻梳理狐的形象好象徵意義。中國的部分考察從先秦時代到清朝，而韓國部分考察從三國時代到朝鮮時代。在第三章，以《韓國口碑文學大系》為主介紹韓國狐民間故事，主要狐故事可分成三類；狐危害人類的故事、狐幫助人類的故事、兩者皆有的故事。在韓國，狐被視為邪惡且奸詐的動物，因此負面形象的故事很多。雖然這樣，還是有正面形象的故事。而且有的故事沒有只偏向負面形象的故事或偏向正面形象的故事，兩者皆有的故事也有。在第四章，以《中國民間故事集成》與《韓國口碑文學大系》進行比較中韓狐民間故事。像《玄中記》、《太平廣記》、《聊齋誌異》等的文人文學中，那些狐的角色多樣，但在中國民間故事裡，狐的角色單一化，大部分是報恩的故事。韓國民間故事的狐形象大都是負面的，所以狐危害人類的故事較為多。雖然狐幫助人類的故事不多，但韓國狐的角色比中國民間故事的多樣，如助人發財或帶來財富、預測未來、風水與旺運、成非凡之人的媒介、實踐道德。然後講述中韓民間故事狐形象的異同。第五章為結論，從第二章到第四章的內容梳理。

關鍵字

狐；《韓國口碑文學大系》；《中國民間故事集成》；《太平廣記》；負面的形象；正面的形象

並列摘要

In the eyes of Koreans, “foxes” have only negative images, so foxes never had any status in ancient Korean society. Recently, it has been learned that in ancient Korea, foxes was considered by ancient people not only to endanger humans, but also to help humans. In Chinese folk tales, most foxes are unforgettable animals, and some are harmful. Anyway, most of the foxes in Korean folk tales have negative images, while most of the foxes in Chinese folk tales have positive images. Although there are many stories about foxes harming humans in Korean folk tales, compared with Chinese folk tales, there are many kinds of stories. Folk stories are passed down through word of mouth, so the time and place of the story is unknown. The Chinese material is “Compilation of Chinese Folktales” plus “Taiping Guangji”, while the Korean material is “Korean Word of Mouth Literature Series.” In the second chapter of this paper, I talk about the evolution of fox images and symbolic meanings in China an Korea. First, investigate the origin an Qingqiu of the foxes in China and South Korea. The origin of the Chinese fox story should be the beginning of the myth. The symbolic meaning of the fox and the origin of the fox story are found in the Book of Songs and the Book of Mountains and Seas. At present, there are almost no traces of foxes in Korea. Next, use the literature of various eras to sort out the image of the fox as a symbolic meaning. Part of the investigation in China was from the pre-Qin period to Qing Dynasty, while the part in South Korea was from the Three Kingdoms period to the Joseon period. In the third chapter, the Korean fox folk tales are introduced mainly in “The Department of Korean Literature of Word of Mouth.” The main fox storied can be divided into three categories; the stories about foxes harming mankind, the storied about foxes helping mankind, and the stories about both. In Korea, foxes are regarded as evil and treacherous animals, so there are many stories of negative images. Even so, there are still positive stories. And some stories are not just stories that are biased towards negative images of stories that are biased towards positive images. There are also stories that are both. In the fourth chapter, the Chinese and Korean fox folktales are compared with “The Collection of Chinese Folktales” and “The Department of Korean Literature of Word of Mouth” In literary and humanistic literature such an “Xuan Zhong Ji”, “Taiping Guangji”, and “Lisozhai Zi Yi”, the roles of those foxes are diverse, but in Chinese folk tales, the rol of foxes is singular, and most of them are stories of repaying kindness. The images of foxes in Korean folk tales are mostly negative, so there are more stories about foxes harming humans. Although there are not many stories about foxes helping humans, the roles of Korean foxes are more diverse than Chinese folktales, such as helping others to make money are bringing wealth, predicting the future, feng shui and prosperity, becoming a medium for extraordinary people, and practicing morality. The tell the similarities an differences of fox images in Chinese and Korean folk tales. The fifth chapter is the conclusion, sort out from the second chapter to the fourth chapter.

並列關鍵字

Foxes ； "The department of Korean Literature of the Word of Mouth" ； "The Collection of Chinese Folktales" ； "Taiping Guangji" ； negative images ； positive images