推動智慧型運輸系統之法制研究-以個人資料保護及採購法制為中心

智慧型運輸系統藉由資訊、電子、感測、通訊、控制與管理等技術的整合，蒐集正在運輸系統中使用的人、車、路即時資料，透過相關演算法所得出最佳的運輸管理及交通控制策略，並依據該等策略反饋至各運輸系統之管理上，藉以提供用路人在完全的資訊環境中，取得例如最短路徑、最少旅行時間、最少旅行成本等的最佳路徑選擇方案，而系統中最關鍵的核心技術，是對於不特定人、車之位置資料，進行長時間的交通特性資料蒐集，而其交通特性資料之基礎，乃係建構於用路人位置資料的取得。智慧型運輸系統具有提升運輸系統服務績效、降低交通事故發生機率、提高燃油效率，並增進環境保護等公共利益，然在智慧型運輸系統在研究、推動、建置與維運階段可能遭遇之課題，包含系統所蒐集之位置資料，是否屬於個人資訊隱私的一部分，而在行駛於公開場域之道路上，是否具備合理隱私期待而有個資保護之適用，公部門基於重大政策的推動而須蒐集個人資料時，相關應處與操作方式為何，適合智慧型運輸系統之採購方式，以及智慧型運輸系統的特徵如何能適切的吸引民間機構之資金與企業理念，並以採購法制之相關規範據以推動等議題，均為公部門在推動智慧型運輸系統上所需面對的課題。考量全球資通訊技術演進快速，且隨之而來的創新浪潮更是席捲全世界，包含車聯網之車路整合技術、自動(輔助)駕駛車輛之使用，於可預見的未來將逐步實現。然而，對於智慧型運輸系統在計畫研究、規劃、建置、維護保養等階段，可能涉及個人資訊隱私、創新產業採購等相關課題，於國內之相關領域似尚未有大量的討論能量。基此，為利未來智慧型運輸系統之健全發展，爰就前揭議題以系統之生命週期角度研議初步應處措施，以作為後續計畫於研議及推動之參考。

關鍵字

智慧型運輸系統；資訊隱私；資訊自決；創新採購

並列摘要

Intelligent transportation systems collect the real-time data of pedestrians and traffic flow in the transportation networks through the integration of information, electronics, sensing, communication, control, and management technologies. Through the calculation of algorithms, the best transportation management and Traffic control strategies, and feedback to the management of each transportation system based on these strategies, so as to provide passers-by in a complete information environment, such as the shortest route, the least travel time, the least travel cost, etc. However, the most critical core technology in the system is the collection of traffic characteristic data for the location data of unspecified pedestrians and vehicles. The intelligent transportation systems provide the public interests of improving the performance of the transportation system, reducing the probability of traffic accidents, improving fuel efficiency, and enhancing environmental protection. However, some issues that may be encountered in the stages of research, promotion, construction and maintenance, contains the location data collected by the systems, are related to the personal information privacy and reasonable expectation of privacy while driving on the open road, to the data collection for the operation of making decisions by public sectors, to the appropriate public procurement for the intelligent transportation systems, and the appropriate way of attracting the funds of private sectors to participate the projects of intelligent transportation systems. The above issues are all the public sectors needs to face in promoting the intelligent transportation systems. With the rapid evolution of global telematics technology, the accompanying waves of innovation are sweeping the world. Including the connected vehicle and autonomous car, the advanced transportation management applications will gradually be realized in the foreseeable future. However, the intelligent transportation systems may involve personal information privacy, innovation procurement and other related topics in the planning research, planning, construction, maintenance and other stages. It seems that there has not been a lot of discussion in related fields at the moment. In order to assist the development of intelligent transportation systems, this paper discusses the possible measures on the above issues from a life cycle perspective, as a reference for the promotion of subsequent plans.