在虛實之間理解博物館媒介化的一種可能-線上蒐藏的展示敘事分析

媒介與社會的變遷影響博物館發展樣貌，2020年新冠狀病毒疫情加速博物館線上展示推動，博物館的定義與價值更面臨再思與再探。本研究聚焦媒介與敘事面向作為博物館探討基礎，以國立自然科學博物館線上蒐藏庫為案例，透過內容分析與深度訪談，在虛實間的博物館敘事與觀者觀看中，企圖釐清蒐藏、展示、敘事者與當代社會的關係，回應博物館定位探討。結論收束於保存與傳播、以物為中心與以人為中心、從媒介化到制度化等三面向:博物館媒介化是保存與傳播之間彼此對應的動態過程，並依著媒介特性發展出敘事型態；博物館媒介化使得虛實界線看似模糊實則明確，博物館以人為主體，也同時隱含著知識權力的以物為主體；博物館從保存過去更走向與未來對話的傳播角色，扣連著擴展、取代、融合與接納，其經歷向度的順序與比例端看博物館做法。

關鍵字

博物館；敘事；媒介化

並列摘要

Rapid changes of media in modern society has affected the forms of museum exhibitions. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 prompts museum workers to speed up the planning of online exhibitions. Now, museum researchers and practitioners both face challenges of re-definitions of museums. Whether museums should allocate more sources to virtual or online display is a hotly-debated issue. This research adopts theories of mediatization and narration to analyze the online collections organized by National Museum of Natural Science. Through content analysis and in-depth interviews, the present study attempts to clarify the relationships among collection, display and the narrator in a context of contemporary society where the real and virtual exhibitions co-exist. According to the analysis, the mediatization of the museum can be viewed as a dynamic process between preservation and communication of the collected items. Narrative patterns or stories derived from these items for display are developed alone with features of medium by the museum curators. Moreover, the mediaization of the museum makes the boundary between the virtual and the real seemingly blur, but actually their difference is clear cut. It is predictable that museums in the future will pay more attention to facilitate the communication between the curator and the museum goers by taking narrative strategies into consideration both in virtual and real exhibitions.