發展優點評量之操作方法：以心智障礙者為例

本研究旨在於建構喜憨兒社會福利基金會北區社福部優勢個管模式之優點評量工作方法，使專業工作人員間有共同的語言與信念，並以正向角度看待每位服務對象。藉由發展適用於心智障礙者優點評量的工作手冊，包含問句和題項，有助於探索心智障礙者的想望，心智障礙者可理解自身的優點評量表，以及專業工作人員能更有方法與技巧地運用這些工具在工作中，提升其服務能量。本研究透過焦點團體蒐集適用於操作優點評量表於心智障礙者之問句、題項與圖卡等方法以及個別深度訪談5名曾使用優勢觀點服務於心智障礙者的實務工作者，建構執行優點評量表於心智障礙者時，可運用的工作技巧與方法，進而優化優點評量表、發展操作手冊。提供專業工作人員操作手冊後，專業工作人員依據手冊再次針對心智障礙者進行優點評量表，並且再次進行焦點團體了解專業工作人員使用操作手冊之情形，以及比較分析12份優點評量表內涵之前後差異，進而發展適用於心智障礙者之優點評量表暨操作方法。研究結果如下： 1. 具體聚焦的問句有助於心智障礙者理解 2. 更貼近心智障礙者的生活事件有助於引起心智障礙者回應 3. 多元溝通輔具的使用有助於操作心智障礙者優點評量。依據研究結果，筆者提出三項討論與建議： 1. 開放性與引導性問題的適用時機。 2. 將操作手冊內容列於員工訓練課程。 3. 各據點可發展適用於心智障礙者的溝通圖卡。

關鍵字

優勢觀點；優點評量；心智障礙者；溝通輔具

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to develop a strength assessment guideline for the Children Are Us Foundation, which promotes strength perspective case management model in the North District Social Welfare Department, so that workers may have a common language and belief, seeing cases from a positive perspective.The newly developed strength assessment guideline for individuals with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) involves various questions and hints,which assist workers to discover dreams and personal hopes of the cases. IDD individuals are able to understand the strength assessment scales by themselves, and workers are given useful techniques to use tools to improve their serving power at work. In this study, through focus group activities, questions, communication hints, and drawing cards for IDD individuals had been gathered.Five workers were interviewed in-depth about their experiences on using the strengths perspective to serve IDD individuals.The collected working skills and experiences were used to renew the strength assessment scale and develop a guideline for assessing IDD individuals. Following the instruction of the guideline, workers re-visited IDD individuals to perform the strength assessment again, 12 sets of assessment outcomes were compared and analyzed. Another focus group activity was also held to find out any difference workers discovered with the new assessment method, so that a final version of the strength assessment guideline for individuals with IDD may be finalized. The research results are as follows: 1. Substantial focusing questions help IDD individuals understand significantly. 2. Being closer to life events of IDD individuals helps them respond. 3. Using multiple communication aids helps the practical operation of the IDD strength assessment. Based on the research outcomes, the following three suggestions are made: 1. The timing of using open and guided questions is critical. 2. The strength assessment guideline should be an essential course included in the new employee training program. 3. Drawing cards used for communicating with IDD individuals may be developed by each service center, according to the local unique features.