利用結構方程式探討日照服務問卷設計 : 以台北市社會局為例

近年台灣高齡化現象越發嚴重，家庭人數持續下降，根據內政部統計，平均每戶家庭的家庭成員約為2.7人，又以嘉義縣、雲林縣及南投縣更為嚴重。對於家中有年長者或需長時間照護之個案或長者，就需要外來照護，故此家庭的照顧功能逐漸下降。此外，目前台灣約有79.4萬人需要被照護，但其中只有約30萬人由家庭成員自行照顧。日常照顧的壓力逐漸增加，使得需相關部門需要投入更多的社會成本或資金去協助照顧有需要之個案。個案所填寫或接受訪查之問卷(以下稱為原始問卷)內容含量太多，需要花費較長時間填寫。由於所投入之社會成本甚大且有限，但需要援助之個案數量也龐大，開始出現不能負擔現象，故此需要制定一有效率的方法評估個案是否立即需要援助。因此，透過台北市社會局提供原始問卷資料，利用結構方程式，同時配合克隆巴赫係數與因子分析反映信度與效度，找出具有代表性(或較重要性)的題目，化簡原始問卷，並為每一位個案計算分數，協助衡量是否需要即刻援助。

關鍵字

日照服務；資料結構方程式；克隆巴赫係數；因素分析；信度；效度

並列摘要

In recent years,the phenomena of aging society is getting worse and the numbers of family members are decreasing.According to the reports of Ministry of the Interior,the average numbers of family members for each family are about 2.7 persons,especially as Chiayi,Yunli and Nantou are worst.For those elders and patients who need long-term-care,the function of home-caring is declining.In other words,there are about 79.4 thousands of people are waiting for caring but there are only about 30 thousands of them are cared by their own family members.It means that for the revalant departments are forced to face the problem of caring.Therefore,the numbers of applying for caring support increase rapidly.Thus,the revalant departments have to review for each applicant through a meaningful and significant questionnaire.By using Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) ,Cronbach’s Alpha as reference of reliability,Factor Analysis as reference of Validity and pretest data to modify the original questionnaire which provided by Taipei City Government, Department of Social Welfare to reduce the numbers of questions and calculate a representative score for each applicant for evaluating the level of urgency.