罷工糾察正當性判斷基準之研究

勞資爭議處理法第54條第1項規定：「工會非經會員以直接、無記名投票且經全體過半數同意，不得宣告罷工及設置糾察線」。這是從遠東化纖爭議事件拉起我國第一條罷工糾察線以來，等待了20餘年，首次在制定法上承認了罷工糾察。罷工糾察作為維持或加強罷工效果之重要附隨行為，特別在防禦破壞罷工行為方面具有其重要性。工會為了防止雇主之各種削弱罷工效果手段，必須實施罷工糾察以勸諭支持罷工或阻止相關人等破壞罷工。此時，罷工糾察之權利行使與雇主財產權、營業自由權或第三人之行動自由等基本權將有所衝突。罷工糾察之正當性範圍為何，對工會而言至關重要。罷工糾察之正當性判斷基準，將決定工會於罷工現場所得執行之戰術的界限，同時亦決定罷工糾察阻止雇主或其他第三人時之遊戲規則。本論文採取比較法研究，分析日本戰後勞動法學者對於罷工糾察之研究，並根據日本實務案例之大量觀察，提出有別於傳統以和平說服說或實力阻止容許說之判斷基準─諸般情事理論。此外，本論文透過日本實務經驗抽取出可作為我國參考之判斷基準，針對罷工糾察以及相關戰術（例如：職場占領、車輛確保戰術）建構各自的正當性判斷基準，以供後續學界、勞資雙方以及司法實務參考。

關鍵字

罷工糾察；糾察行為；糾察線；和平說服；實力阻止；諸般情事；職場占領；車輛確保戰術；爭議行為；罷工

並列摘要

According to paragraph I of Article 54 of Act for Settlement of Labor-Management Disputes, “A labor union shall not call a strike nor set up a picket line unless the strike has been approved by no less than one half of the members in total via direct and secret balloting.” This is the first time that a picket line is recognized through the legislation, after more than 20 years of waiting since the first picket line set up in Taiwan in the Far Eastern Chemical Fiber strike case. Strike pickets are important as attached acts with regards to maintaining and enhancing the effectiveness of strikes, especially in preventing strike-breakings. In order for a union to prevent employers from weakening strikes by various means, unions must implement strike pickets to persuade others to support the strike or to prevent those participated from breaking the strike. Consequently, exercising of the right to picketing might be in conflict with the employer's fundamental rights such as the right to property, the right to freedom of conducting business, or the freedom of action of any third party individual. The scope of the legitimacy of a strike picket is very important to the union. The basis of determining the legitimacy of a strike will determine the boundaries of the tactics which the union can employ at the strike site and the rules to be complied with when a strike picket stops an employer or other third parties from breaking the strike. This thesis adopts a comparative approach to analyze the post-World War II Japanese labor law scholars' studies on the picket line, and through the observations of Japanese court cases, proposes a criterion for basis of judgment that differs from the traditional arguments of peaceful persuasion theory or theory of allowing physical force to block - comprehensive consideration theory. In addition, this thesis also identifies benchmarks that can be used as a reference in Taiwan courts through the relevant experience of Japanese courts, especially regarding legitimacy judgement of strikes and related tactics - workplace occupation and vehicle securing tactics - to construct the respective benchmarks. It would be appreciated if the results of this research could be used as a reference for the academics, employers and employees, and the courts.

並列關鍵字

Dispute activities ； Strike picket ； Picketing ； Picket line ； Peaceful persuade ； Physical force to block ； Comprehensive consideration ； Sit-down strike ； Occupation ； Vehicle secure