通學人行空間之熱舒適性研究

營造良好通學環境為臺灣政府長年持續追求且所欲達成之政策目標，其中，相關政策及研究多以步行上下學之學生作為主要研究群體。過去我國於通學環境之建構上多著重於道路平整、連續性等硬體設備、交通安全方面等問題，然而，由於臺灣近年來在全球暖化情境下，都市熱島效應使都市於熱季時高溫化問題日益嚴重，故安全通學之範疇若能考量外在熱環境之情形，將使通學環境之營造更臻完善，並有利於降低通學步行學生引發相關熱疾病之風險。　　本研究以臺北市立興雅國民中學周圍之通學路線人行空間熱環境作為研究標的，透過微氣候監測站之量測及熱舒適性評估指標之分析，檢視人行空間之熱舒適性情形。並運用迴歸分析法解析熱環境因子與熱舒適性之關聯性，梳理出影響熱舒適性之關鍵因素。最後搭配問卷調查法，調查臺北市國中生對於通學人行空間熱環境之經驗感受及熱環境改善方式之偏好，以作為研擬人行空間熱環境改善策略之參考依據。　　透過實測數據針對高溫測點與低溫測點進行分析，可歸納出植栽蔭影、建築物陰影、交通發散熱、建築物密度及綠覆率為人行空間熱環境之關鍵影響因子。且於實測數據發現部分測點於通學時段具有高溫化之現象，恐增加通學步行學生發生熱疾病之風險。進一步藉由熱舒適性評估指標之最高溫情境數據進行比較，於多數熱舒適性評估指標之分析結果顯示放學時段多數測點之指標最高數值普遍大於上學時段，反映放學時段通學環境之熱舒適性較上學時段低，呈現對身體健康具有較高風險的環境狀態。　　而問卷調查結果亦顯示步行通學學生對於九月分通學人行空間熱舒適感受普遍未達舒適，但多數受測者願於通學人行空間熱環境進行改善後增加步行通學之意願，並以實施減少交通與建築物廢熱排放之改善方式可促進學生增加較高程度之步行通學次數。據此，本研究以人行空間熱環境之關鍵影響因子與問卷分析結果作為基準，提出提升人行空間熱舒適性之七項規劃建議，分別為提升綠化量、增加人行空間陰影及蔭影之遮蔽面積、選用低蓄熱之鋪面材質、降低人工發散熱、擴增水體、提升通風效果、降低建築物密度，可作為後續相關單位進行人行空間步行環境規劃與都市設計之施行方針。

關鍵字

通學人行空間；熱環境；熱舒適性

並列摘要

For years, creating an ideal environment of pedestrian space for students is what the government in Taiwan has been striving for. Relevant policies and researches generally take commuting students as target research population. In the past, the construction of pedestrian space near schools mainly focused on road leveling, continuity, hardware installation, traffic safety, etc. However, because of worsening global warming, the urban heat island effect has incurred increasingly serious problems of city high temperatures during the hot season. If safe school commuting takes the external thermal environment into consideration, the construction of pedestrian space will keep growing better, which in turn can reduce the risk of students contracting heat-related diseases. 　　This research studies the thermal environment of the pedestrian space surrounding Taipei Municipal XingYa Junior High School. Through micro climatic monitoring and thermal comfort assessment index, an inspection is made into the thermal comfort conditions of the pedestrian space. Meanwhile, regression analysis method helps map out the correlation between thermal environment factors and thermal comfort, further pinpointing the crucial elements that affect thermal comfort. Finally, supplemented by questionnaires, Taipei junior high school students’ experiences on the thermal environment of pedestrian space and preferences for ways to improve the thermal environment of pedestrian space are accumulated, which also provides a reference to bringing about effective pedestrian environment amelioration strategies. 　　Through the data gathered from various checkpoints that collect both high and low temperatures, key factors affecting the thermal environment of the pedestrian space are summed up as follows: the shades of plants and buildings, traffic heat dissipation, construction density and green coverage. In addition, the research points to high temperatures during certain periods of school commuting, which relates to the hazard of developing heat-related diseases among students who walk to school. Further analyses of most indexes also show that the highest scores obtained from most test points in the afternoon school-off hours are generally higher than their counterparts in the morning, indicating that the thermal comfort level in the afternoon is lower than in the morning. The afternoon environment thus poses as a threat to human health. 　　Questionnaire results imply that commuting students generally do not feel pleasant with the thermal comfort of pedestrian space in September, but most of the testees are willing to keep commuting if the condition gets improved. Implementing measures to reduce waste heat emissions from traffic and buildings can greatly boost students’ frequencies of walking to school as well. Thus, by analyzing both the critical factors that affect the thermal comfort of pedestrian space and the questionnaire results, this study proposes seven suggestions on implementing pedestrian environment amelioration strategies, which include increasing the amount of greenery, enlarging the shade areas of the pedestrian space, opting for low heat storage paving materials, reducing artificial heat dissipation, expanding water bodies, improving ventilation effects, and decreasing building density. It is hoped that this study can serve as a guideline for any subsequent pedestrian space planning and urban designing.