民主化對台灣各產業薪資差異之影響分析

從2000年開始，台灣經常性薪資出現停滯的現象，是什麼因素影響薪資之間的差異，是本研究要討論的重點。本文採用1981年到2018年，台灣工業與服務業之16個行業年資料，來進行多元線性迴歸估計，實證分析影響台灣薪資差異的因素，採用16個行業之實質經常性薪資為被解釋變數，台灣各行業人均產值、資本產出、雇用人數、受雇員工每人每月工時、每人每月實質非經常性薪資做為5個解釋變數。以台灣各行業實質經常性薪資做為研究對象，並探討解釋變數對該變數之影響，除了5個解釋變數對薪資的影響外，亦加入了民主化和政黨輪替探討對於薪資差異之影響。其中16個行業為礦業及土石採取業、製造業、電力及燃氣供應業、用水供應及污染整治業、營建工程業、批發及零售業、運輸及倉儲業、住宿及餐飲業、出版、影音製作、傳播及資通訊服務業、金融及保險業、不動產業、專業、科學及技術服務業、醫療保健業、支援服務業、藝術、娛樂及休閒服務業、其他服務業。綜合上述，各行業受雇員工每人每月工時是對台灣薪資有負向影響，而民主化對薪資產生正向影響，但卻使得人均產值成為對薪資有負向影響，而資本產出則是對所有行業和服務業薪資有負向影響。

關鍵字

經常性薪資；薪資停滯；受雇員工人數；受雇員工每人每月工時；非經常性薪資；人均產值；資本產出；民主化；政黨輪替

並列摘要

Since 2000, Taiwan’s recurring salary stagnation has occurred. What factors affect the difference between salary is the focus of this study. This article uses 16 industry annual data from 1981 to 2018 in Taiwan’s industry and service industry to make multiple linear regression estimates, empirically analyze the factors affecting Taiwan’s wage difference, and use the real recurring wages of 16 industries as the explanatory variables. The per capita output value, capital output, number of employees, monthly working hours per employee, and actual monthly non-recurring wage per employee of each industry in Taiwan are used as five explanatory variables. Taking the actual recurring wages of various industries in Taiwan as the research object and discussing the effect of explanatory variables on the variable, in addition to the impact of the five explanatory variables on wages, democratization and the rotation of political parties have been added to discuss the impact of wage stagnation. In summary, each industry’s monthly working hours per employee has a negative impact on Taiwan’s wages, while democratization has a positive impact on wages, but it makes per capita output value a negative impact on wages and capital output. It has a negative impact on wages in all industries and service industries.