智慧家庭能源管理系統營運模式及其經濟分析: 電能產消者 vs. 產消儲電者

近年來，智慧家庭能源管理系統的發展日趨重要，雖然在台灣智慧家庭的概念尚未普及化，但在國內外都已有相關案例能夠參考，也因此發展出多樣化營運模式。藉由智慧家庭能源管理系統也讓家庭的角色從原先單方面的電力消費者轉為電能產消者(Prosumer)，或是藉由設置儲能設備轉為產消儲電者(Prosumager)，亦即消費者同時也是生產者，能夠為其自身帶來額外的效益。本研究旨在探討智慧家庭能源管理系統(Smart Home Energy Management System，SHEMS)的核心價值以及經濟分析，彙整國內外之智慧家庭發展現況及應用案例，接著採用成本有效性分析法，評估案例家庭採用智慧家庭能源管理系統是否具有經濟效益，過程中採用三種模擬情境。情境一是電能產消者(Prosumer):針對案例家庭參與台電公司需量反應方案。情境二是電能產消者:針對案例家庭將太陽光電系統電力藉由部分自行使用並且參與台電公司需量反應方案，剩餘的電力再將之躉售給台灣電力公司。情境三是產消儲電者(Prosumager):針對案例家庭將太陽光電系統電力藉由儲能設備儲存使用並參與台電公司的需量反應方案，剩餘的電力再將之躉售給台灣電力公司。根據本研究之實證分析顯示，各模擬情境之效益項與成本項的總和如下:模擬情境一為-198,929元、模擬情境二為334,010元，模擬情境三為-265,547元，相比之下，模擬情境二最符合成本有效性。從案例家庭的觀點，在現行的制度下，將太陽光電系統電力依照躉售費率銷售給台灣電力公司具有相當大的收益，其原因為目前台灣電力公司之躉售費率金額遠高於時間電價。本研究透過量化研究，讓未來參與智慧家庭能源管理系統的家庭，有所依據衡量其收益。

關鍵字

智慧家庭；能源管理系統；成本有效性分析；電能產消者；產消儲電者；儲能設備

並列摘要

Over the past few years, the development of smart home energy management systems (SHEMS) has become increasingly crucial. Although the concept of smart homes is not prevalent in Taiwan, there have been various cases of smart home applications in and outside Taiwan, along with which diverse business models have been developed. SHEMS convert the role of households from a consumer of electricity to a prosumer or—through the installment of energy storage devices—a prosumager of electricity. Specifically, SHEMS equip households with a dual role of a consumer and also a producer, creating additional benefits to consumers. With the aim of discussing the core value of and conducting an economic analysis on SHEMS, this study collected data of the current situation of smart home development and cases of smart home applications in and outside Taiwan. Subsequently, a cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted to evaluate the economic benefits of application of SHEMS in the case households. Three simulation scenarios were used in the evaluation as follows:(1) the case households participated in the demand response program of Taipower. (2) Prosumer : the case households used part of the electricity produced by itself, and participated in the demand response program of Taipower, and sold all excessive power to Taipower at the wholesale electricity rate. (3) Prosumager : the case households stored produced electricity in an energy storage device for future use and participated in the demand response program of Taipower and sold all excessive power to Taipower at the wholesale electricity rate. According to the empirical analysis, the sum of the benefit and cost terms for each scenario was as follows: -198,929 NTD for scenario (1), 334,010 NTD for scenario (2), and -265,547 NTD for scenario (3). In comparison scenarios (2) was determined to be cost-effective. On the basis of the case households and under the existing policy, selling self-produced electricity to Taipower at the wholesale electricity rate generates great economic benefits. This is because the current wholesale electricity rate adopted by Taipower is much higher than the time-of-use rates. Through a quantitative research design, this study provided insights into the economic benefits of SHEMS for households planning to use such a system.