股東會決議瑕疵之效力探討 ──以董事選舉為例

The Effect of the Defects of the Resolutions of the Shareholders' Meeting ─ ─ Take the Election of Directors as an Example

陳彥銘(Chen Yan-Ming)

指導教授 ： 方嘉麟

國立政治大學/法學院/法律學系/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202100743

摘要

股東會決議瑕疵之效力在我國法下分為「不成立」、「得撤銷」以及「無效」。「不成立」乃我國學說及實務所創設，並未見於法文；而後兩者則分別規定於公司法189條及191條。「不成立」主要係指法定成立要件之欠缺，效力上自始無效；「得撤銷」則係指股東會決議過程中發生程序瑕疵，而依有權利之人是否於30日內提起訴訟（公司法189條）以及違反之事實非屬重大且於決議無影響（公司法189-1條）而決定該決議之效力最終為有效或是得撤銷；最後，則是「無效」，係指決議內容違反法令或章程等實體瑕疵所導致之無效。
　　將瑕疵類型分為程序瑕疵及內容瑕疵，並將前者適用不成立或得撤銷之效果，後者適用無效之效果，乃我國實務及學說之通說。然而，在判斷系爭瑕疵究竟應歸類於程序或內容瑕疵上，判斷標準有其模糊空間，在某些案例中，系爭瑕疵可被同時認為是得撤銷及無效，但得撤銷卻仍有轉變為有效之可能，無效則為自始、當然、確定之不生效力，兩者法律效果差異極大，也因此導致惡用的可能。本文認為根本之道在應由「重大性」的角度，重新建構我國股東會決議瑕疵之體系。

關鍵字

股東會決議瑕疵效力 ； 股東會決議效力得撤銷 ； 股東會決議效力無效 ； 董事選舉 ； 程序瑕疵 ； 實體瑕疵 ； 2017年大同案 ； 程序瑕疵原則 ； 瑕疵重大性

並列摘要

The validity of the defective resolutions of the shareholders meeting is divided into "Unestablished", "Rescission" and "Invalid" under Taiwan’s Company Law. "Unestablished" is created by Taiwan’s scholarship and judicial practice, but doesn’t defined by law; the latter two are stipulated explicitly in Articles 189 and 191 of the Company Law respectively. "Un established" mainly refers to the lack of statutory establishment requirements, which are invalid from the beginning; " Rescission" refers to the procedural flaw in the resolution of the shareholders meeting, and it depends on whether the person with the right initiates a lawsuit within 30 days (Article 189) and the fact that the violation is not material and has no impact on the resolution (Article 189-1) determines whether the resolution is ultimately valid or can be rescission: at last, it is "Invalid", which means that the content of the resolution violates the law or company charters.
　　The types of defects are divided into procedural defects and defects of content, and applying the former to the effect of unestablished or rescission, and the latter to the effect of invalidity is the general statement of Taiwan’s scholarship and judicial practice. However, in judging whether a disputed defect should be classified as a procedural or content defect, there is room for ambiguity in the judgment standard. In some cases, a disputed defect can be considered to be rescission and invalid at the same time: however rescission is possible to transform into effective, and invalidity is ineffectiveness ab initio. The legal effects of the two are very different, and this leads to the possibility of misuse. This study believes that the fundamental way to handling the problem most essentially should be from the perspective of "substantial" to reconstruct the system of validity of the defective resolutions of the shareholders meeting in Taiwan’s Company Law.

並列關鍵字

The validity of the resolutions of the shareholders meeting ； The rescission of the resolutions of the shareholders meeting ； The invalidity of the resolutions of the shareholders meeting ； The election of directors ； The procedural defects ； The substantive defects ； The Tatung case in 2017 ； The procedural irregularity ； The substantive of the defects

參考文獻

一、 中文部分（按姓氏筆畫排序）

（一） 專書

1. 王文宇，公司法論，元照出版公司，2018 年10 月。

2. 王澤鑑，民法總則，自版，2020年9月。

3. 方嘉麟主編，變動中的公司法制：17 堂案例學會《公司法》，元照出版公司，2018年10 月。