比較分析中國社會信用體系與監控資本主義對自由世界實踐之威脅

China’s Social Credit System and Surveillance Capitalism: Comparing Their Threats toward the Practices of the Free World

徐恩碩(Shiflet Michael)

指導教授 ： 魏玫娟

國立政治大學/社會科學學院/亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202200579

摘要

相較於以往，科技與社會環境的快速變遷對全球各國公民產生日益漸增的影響，特別值得關注與探究的是這些環境改變對自由社會與自由民主實踐之影響，而中國所實行的社會信用制度與「自由世界」中出現的監控資本主義，是其中兩個影響至鉅的環境變化。本論文採取次級資料分析方法，針對「中國社會信用制度」與「監控資本主義」對自由世界之自由民主實踐所具有之潛在風險進行比較，聚焦於探討在監控資本主義已經對自由世界的個人權利產生影響之後，中國社會信用制度是否進一步影響西方資本主義國家的自由民主實踐。本文藉由探討中國社會信用制度與監控資本主義環境之本質與脈絡，檢視前述兩種制度及其環境影響下所出現的全球範圍之「侵犯隱私正常化」之後發現，相較於為商業利益而出現並普遍存在的監控資本主義在侵犯個人隱私上的影響，中國社會信用制度的影響相對有限。本文認為，儘管中國社會信用制度無疑是對中國公民個人權利之威脅，但該制度的「獨特性」特別是制度落實上所需的配套環境，高度限制其輸出至他國進而影響西方資本主義國家自由民主實踐與各項公民權利的可能性。

關鍵字

社會信用制度 ； 監控資本主義 ； 中國 ； 網際網路 ； 自由民主價值

並列摘要

More than ever, the combination of technological and societal shifts plays an increas- ingly important role in affecting citizens around the world. The influence of these environ- ments should be considered on free societies and the practices of liberal democracy. Two such environments of concern are the much-hyped Social Credit System (SCS) in China and sur- veillance capitalism which has emerged more discreetly from the free world. This thesis uses a comparative analysis of secondary data to look at the potential risk toward the democratic practices the SCS uniquely poses to the free world after the threats of surveillance capitalism have first been considered. After exploring the nature and context of both environments, it moves to uncover how both have contributed to the global normalization of privacy intrusion worldwide and build off one another in ways that compound related threats. Overall, the SCS’s unique threats to practices in the free world are perhaps more limited than expected once considered alongside the threats from surveillance capitalism. Comparative analysis finds the exportability of the SCS beyond Chinese borders extremely unlikely while also un- covering some unique but limited threats beyond privacy that affect freedom of expression and various other practices of free world citizens.

並列關鍵字

Social credit system ； Surveillance capitalism ； China ； Internet ； Liberal democratic practices

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