都市「街區開放空間」「以自然為本(Nature-based Solutions ,  NBS)」規劃設計之氣候變遷綜效、權衡、共效益－社區道路

近年全球氣候變遷之影響愈加顯著，將「以自然為本的解決方案(Nature-based Solutions , NBS) 」納入都市規劃決策中，日漸成為學者、政策擬定者的著重方法。本國現階段進入危險老舊建物重建的必要時點，提供建成環境「街區開放空間(Street open space)」重塑的可能，善用「以自然為本」的規劃設計可產生多項因應氣候變遷減緩、調適、與其他永續效益，以作為都市空間因應氣候變遷威脅之重要工具。本研究以台北市社區道路街區開放空間為實證範圍，透過敘述性統計、成對樣本t檢定、集群分析與質性分析，探討街區開放空間因應氣候變遷之空間規劃設計與產出效益，納入綜效(Synergies)、權衡(Trade-offs)與共效益(Co-benefits)的分析觀點釐清永續導向重建策略間的交互關聯性。研究成果顯示，社區道路街區開放空間規模、「以自然為本」環境產出規模、與因應氣候變遷及其他永續效益皆於重建後有所成長，惟街區開放空間之規劃設計仍以灰基底概念為主，導致該空間無法完全發揮潛在效益，甚或衍生負面效益，顯示現行規範無法有效引導建物永續導向重建。本研究政策建議為：善用建物退縮政策增加社區道路街區開放空間規模、有效執行綠基底設計理念，並將必要灰色空間透水鋪面化，建立街區「以自然為本」的空間環境，落實永續導向重建。

關鍵字

都市計畫；「街區開放空間」；氣候變遷；減緩與調適；綜效；「以自然為本(Nature-based Solutions , NBS)」

並列摘要

In recent years, the impact of global climate change has become more and more significant. Integrating Nature-based Solutions (NBS) into urban planning decisions has become an increasingly important approach for scholars and policy makers. The demand for buildings reconstruction in Taiwan has provided an opportunnity for rebuilding “street open space” with Nature-based Solutions to address climate change challenges in the built environment. This study focused on street open space, aims to investigate Nature-based Solutions-related spatial planning and design tools, and benefits during buildings reconstruction phase, and to analyze their synergies, trade-offs and co-benefits.The research cases adopted for this empirical study are the community streets in Taipei. The research methods include descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation, paired sample t-test, cluster analysis and qualitative analysis. The research results show that the size of street open space, nature-based solutions environment, climate change mitigation and adaption benefits, and non-climate change related co-benefits were all improved after the street open space was rebuilt at community streets. However, the planning and design of the street open space is still based on the concept of gray infrastructure based. This leads to the street open space cannot fully comply the potential benefits, or even derived negative benefits. It shows that the existing laws and regulations cannot effectively guide the sustainable oriented reconstruction of buildings. The policy recommendations of this study are as follows: (1) Increase the street open space size of community roads via the policy of building setback efficiently. (2) Implement the design concept of green infrastructure based, and make the gray space permeable pavement at the street open space. (3) Establish a Nature-based built environment to achieve sustainable-oriented reconstruction.