公主形象大不同？—— 兒童對迪士尼勇敢傳說公主形象的言說分析

What is the Image of Princess? - The Analysis of Children’s Talk on Princess Image in Disney Animation <Brave>

麥詩(Mai Shi)

指導教授 ： 張盈堃

國立政治大學/教育學院/幼兒教育研究所/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202201572

摘要

本研究比較幼兒在觀看影片前後對公主形象的言說，並探究其性別角色態度與成因。關注的三個問題為: 1. 幼兒在觀看影片前後對公主形象的態度與詮釋為何? 2. 幼兒在觀看影片前後對公主定義的轉變為何? 3. 幼兒在觀看影片前後對性別角色態度的差異及背後的成因為何? 本研究透過對影片《勇敢傳說》的文本分析，以兩所幼兒園的焦點團體訪談蒐集兒童言說，將幼兒在觀影前後的言說進行分析比較，再從幼兒繪畫的公主作品中窺探他們心目中的公主形象。
本研究主要有三點發現：
1. 單一的公主形象vs.多樣的公主形象：觀影前的幼兒普遍認為公主是完美的化身，並以此要求公主在外貌、內在與人生選擇上皆要完美，完成結婚生孩子的「人生大事」，成為一位賢妻良母。在觀影後，幼兒對公主的要求稍有放寬，認為公主可以自由選擇自己的穿衣打扮，甚至是自己的人生，公主的形象漸趨多樣化。
2. 幼兒團體中的互助解讀：研究採用焦點團體訪談法，在田野中發現幼兒會為同儕補充其言語中不完整的訊息，透過重複對方的言語認同其說法，甚至改變自己前面的說法來迎合對方的觀點，反映出幼兒之間互幫互助的團體精神。
3. 幼兒對性別角色分工的刻板印象：研究發現幼兒對性別分工具有刻板印象，且女童對公主形象的刻板印象較男童更深，她們從小接收到社會、家庭與學校以及媒體對其女性身分的期待，因而更自然地將這些期待投注到公主身上，形成對公主的高要求。

關鍵字

兒童言說 ； 公主形象 ； 性別角色分工 ； 文化工業

並列摘要

This study compares children's talks about the image of the princess before and after watching the film, and explores their gender-role attitudes and formations. The three questions are including: (1) What are the children's attitudes and interpretations about the image of the princess before and after watching the film? (2) What are the changes in children's definitions of the princess before and after watching the film? (3) What are the differences and formations behind the children's attitudes towards gender roles before and after watching the film? This research analyzes the text of the film "Brave", and collects children's talks through focus-group interviews. By analyzing and comparing the children's talks before and after watching the film, researcher peeks out the image of the princess in children's minds from their paintings of princesses.
This study has three main findings:
1. A single princess image vs. a variety of princess images: The children before watching the movie generally think the princess is the perfect incarnation, and thus require she to be perfect in appearance, individual characters and life choices. Therefore, the princess is expected to be a good wife and a good mother. In addition, children's requirements of the princess are slightly relaxed after watching the movie. They believe the princess can freely choose her own clothes and even her own life. The image of the princess is becoming more and more diversified.
2. Interpretation of mutual assistance in children's groups: The study uses focus-group interviews. The researcher points out that children will supplement incomplete information with their peers, agree with other's statements by repeating their words, and even turn about their own words so as to cater to peers’ perspective. It reflects the group spirit of mutual help among children.
3. Stereotypes about the dichotomy of gender roles from children: The study indicates that children have stereotypes about gender roles, and girls’ stereotypes about the image of princesses are profounder than boys. Girls have received the expectations of society, family and school as well as the media about their femininities from childhood. Therefore, it is more natural to put these expectations on the princess, forming a high demand for the princess.

並列關鍵字

Children’s talk ； Image of princess ； Division of gender roles ； Culture industry

參考文獻

一、中文專書與期刊

Ian Liu(2018年12月2日)。《無敵破壞王2》14位迪士尼公主齊聚！揭開公主宇宙、便服彩蛋巧思幕後製作。La Vie。https://www.wowlavie.com/article/ae1802475

中華民國管理科學學會 (2012年11月13日)。中華民國管理科學學會人類研究倫理守則。https://rrec.cmu.edu.tw/sites/default/files/20130429105556_management.pdf

王振輝(2010)。教育與時尚：文化工業下的教育。靜宜人文社會學報，4(2)，127-142。

王二麗(2015)。迪士尼動畫長片中的女性主義話語元素。動漫研究，10，105-107。