公部門僕人式領導與員工建言行為之初探─以臺北、新北市第一線服務機關為例

領導力和組織行為是我國熱門研究領域。然而，在講求服務導向和組織變革的當代公共行政中，我國僕人式領導與員工建言行為研究尚在初探階段，有必要進一步檢視其因果關係，並關注官僚體制、人際互動、性別等議題。本研究採用多層次分析法，模型納入組織層次的僕人式領導、科層化權威、個人-主管性別配對，以及個體層次的員工建言行為、繁文縟節感知、個人-主管適配性等變項，藉以探討變項間的跨層次關係。本研究旨在探討公部門僕人式領導、繁文縟節感知對員工建言行為之影響，並檢驗科層化權威、個人-主管性別配對、僕人式領導的調節作用，以及個人-主管適配性之中介效果。本研究以臺北市與新北市政府所屬區公所、戶政事務所公務員為研究對象，共計回收來自43個機關的811份有效問卷。統計方法採描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、積差相關分析與多層次分析法。本研究結果如下：一、有關僕人式領導、員工建言行為、繁文縟節感知、科層化權威、個人-主管適配性，目前臺北市與新北市政府公務員整體呈現中上認同程度。二、男性主管僕人式領導風格高於女性主管。三、相對於其他性別配對，女性主管對男性部屬展現較低度的僕人式領導作為。四、僕人式領導對員工建言行為呈現正向顯著影響。五、僕人式領導對個人-主管適配性呈現正向顯著影響。六、個人-主管適配性對員工建言行為呈現正向顯著影響。七、繁文縟節感知對員工建言行為呈現正向顯著影響。八、科層化權威對員工建言行為不具有顯著影響。九、「個人-主管適配性」在僕人式領導與員工建言行為之關係中，呈現部分中介效果。十、「個人-主管性別配對」在僕人式領導與員工建言行為之關係中，未呈現顯著調節效果。十一、「僕人式領導」在繁文縟節感知與員工建言行為之關係中，未呈現顯著調節效果。十二、「科層化權威」在繁文縟節感知與員工建言行為之關係中，呈現負向顯著調節效果。

關鍵字

僕人式領導；員工建言行為；繁文縟節感知；科層化權威；個人-主管適配性

並列摘要

Leadership and organizational behavior have been popular research domains in Taiwan for years. However, in contemporary public administration, which emphasizes service oriented and organizational change, the research on servant leadership and voice behavior in Taiwan is still in the preliminary phase. It is necessary to investigate its causal relationship and concern to bureaucracy, interpersonal interaction and gender. By multi-level analysis, the antecedents include the organizational-level variables such as servant leadership, hierachy of authority, gender dyads of superior-subordinate, and individual-level variables such as voice behavior, perceived red tape and person-supervisor fit for examining the effects of the cross-level situation. The puspose of this study is to examine the influence of servant leadership and perceived red tape on voice behavior, including the moderating role of hierachy of authority, gender dyads of superior-subordinate, servant leadership, and the mediating role of person-supervisor fit across the staffs of public sector. The valid samples were collected from 811 civil servants belonging to 43 district offices and household registration offices of Taipei City Government and New Taipei City Government. The statistical methods used for data analysis includes descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multi-level analysis. The study results showed as follows: 1.Staffs of Taipei City Government and New Taipei City Government have an above average recongnition of servant leadership, voice behavior, perceived red tape, hierachy of authority, person-supervisor fit. 2.The male supervisors overtop the female supervisors on servant leadership style. 3.Female supervisors show lower servant leadership behavior to male subordinates than other superior-subordinate dyads. 4.Servant leadership has a significantly positive effect on voice behavior. 5.Servant leadership has a significantly positive effect on person-supervisor fit. 6.Person-supervisor fit has a significantly positive effect on voice behavior. 7.Perceived red tape has a significanly positive effect on voice behavior. 8.Hierachy of authority has no significanly effect on voice behavior. 9.Person-supervisor fit partly mediates the effect of servant leadership on voice behavior. 10.Gender dyads of superior-subordinate doesn't moderate the effect of servant leadership on voice behavior. 11.Servant leadership doesn't moderate the effect of perceived red tape on voice behavior. 12.Hierachy of authority negatively moderates the effect of perceived red tape on voice behavior.