仲裁協議及仲裁人迴避於國際仲裁的實踐與比較

發展隨著國際商務的發展，國際商務紛爭的解決方式亦隨之越發蓬勃。在諸多國際商務紛爭解決之方式中，仲裁為其中最受歡迎之方式。國際仲裁程序中之二大重要要素─仲裁協議及仲裁人之公正性及獨立性。仲裁協議乃仲裁庭解決雙方當事人間紛爭之重要依據，如欠缺仲裁協議，仲裁判斷將因欠缺合法依據而無效；另一方面，仲裁人之品質則為仲裁制度是否成功的關鍵要素，如仲裁人欠缺公正性，則當事人難以信賴仲裁制度，紛爭一次解決之目的必然落空。然而仲裁協議涉及之相關爭議相當繁複，故針對仲裁協議的探討上，本文僅就仲裁地之約定、仲裁協議形式要件、仲裁協議當事人之繼受、以及仲裁協議另外約定事項等為探討，以比較法方式點出國內與國際實踐差異之處；在仲裁人公正性及獨立性之探討上，本文擬對於仲裁人之公正性、獨立性、仲裁人之揭露義務、迴避程序為探討，並就我國及國際實務上曾遇到的迴避程序議題，以及各國法院對於仲裁人迴避之認定標準、以及實務上常見之迴避成功與不成功之理由為討論，期望本文之檢討及整理，得作為我國進行國際仲裁業務時之參考。

關鍵字

仲裁協議；仲裁人迴避；仲裁地；公正性及獨立性；仲裁人揭露；模範法

並列摘要

With the growth of the international commerce, associated dispute resolutions are studied. Among them, the international arbitration is one of the most popular mechanisms. The “effect of arbitration agreement” and the “impartiality and independence of the arbitrators” are two important issues. The arbitration agreement is the important basis for resolving disputes through arbitration procedures. Without a valid arbitration agreement, the arbitration award would be set aside due to lack of legitimacy. Besides, the quality of an arbitrator is the key factor to the arbitration mechanism. The parties will lose confidence in arbitration if the arbitrator is biased. It is hard to resolve dispute in one time. However, the issues of “effect of arbitration agreement” and the “impartiality and independence of the arbitrators” are very extensive and complicated. Therefore, for the part of arbitration agreement, this thesis narrows the scope to specific issues such as arbitration seat, and the form requirement of arbitration agreement, and tries to point out the differences in practice between domestic arbitration and international arbitration through the comparative method. In the topic of impartiality and independence of the arbitrators, this thesis first states the definition of impartiality and independence, the disclosure of arbitrator, and the challenge procedure. Secondly, the existed issues and the standard of the domestic courts are discussed. Finally, this thesis concludes the common successful and unsuccessful cases of challenging an arbitrator. This thesis could be a reference for the international arbitration practitioners.