社會資本與青少年復原力之關係探究

許多研究曾證實社會資本與青少年身心健康及福祉（well-being）有密切關係，但國內卻未有研究將社會資本與復原力保護因子做連結。本研究旨在瞭解臺北市青少年社會資本之現況，並探究社會資本與復原力的關係。本研究採卷調查研究法，研究對象為就讀臺北市公立國中、高中之青少年，經兩階段抽樣，共取得885份有效樣本。研究工具為青少年社會資本量表、青少年復原力量表與青少年生活壓力量表，並根據文獻探討，納入生理性別、學制、年級、家庭結構、家中子女數量、父母教育程度和父母職業社經地位等背景變項。分析方法包含描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、相關分析、迴歸分析與路徑分析等。研究發現：一、青少年之生理性別、就讀學制、就讀年級、家庭結構、父母教育程度與父母職業社經地位等級等背景變項不同時，社會資本有顯著差異。二、社會資本各面向皆與青少年復原力呈顯著正相關，且同儕關係（r = .579）、師生關係（r = .427）與親子關係（r = 350）和復原力的相關程度最高。三、對復原力的解釋力由高到低依次為社會資本中的同儕關係、師生關係和親子關係、生活壓力、以及父母教育程度。四、生活壓力與復原力呈顯著負相關，社會資本無法顯著調節生活壓力對復原力的負向影響，但社會資本會減少生活壓力，進而影響復原力。根據研究發現，研究者提出社會工作者在學校、家庭與社區場域中累積與動員社會資本的實務建議，期能以社會資本為保護因子，建構復原力導向的社會工作。最後說明研究限制，並對未來相關研究提出建議。

關鍵字

青少年；社會資本；復原力

並列摘要

Since many studies have shown that social capital is closely related to adolescents' physical and mental health and well-being, the relationship between social capital and resilience remains unknown. This study aims to explore the current state of social capital of adolescent in Taipei and to examine the relationship between social capital and resilience. This study surveyed with junior high and high school students in Taipei. A total of 885 questionnaires were analyzed. The research tools are the Adolescent Social Capital Scale, the Inventory of Adolescent Resilience and the Adolescent Life Stress Scale. According to the literature, background variables of physical gender, educational system, grade, family structure, number of children at home, parental education level, and parental occupation social status level are also included in the analysis. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, correlations analysis, regression analysis, and path analysis. The study found that: 1. When gender, educational system, grade, family structure, parental education level, and parental occupation level are different, social capital also has significant differences. 2. All aspects of social capital are positively correlated with the resilience of adolescents, and peer relationship(r = .579), teacher-student relationship(r = .427) and parent-child relationship(r = .350) have the greatest impact on resilience. 3. The multiple regression analysis showed that peer relationship, teacher-student relationship, and parent-child relationship in social capital, life pressure, and parental education level were the most important protective factors of resilience among adolescent. 4. Life stress and resilience are negatively correlated, and social capital cannot moderate the negative impact of life stress on resilience. But social capital can reduce life stress, which in turn affects resilience. According to the findings, the study put forward practical suggestions for social workers to accumulate and mobilize social capital in the school, family, and community, and to construct resilience-oriented social work by emphasis social capital as protective factors. In the end, the research limitations are discussed and recommendations for future related research are made.