政治風險保險之研究—以海外投資保險為中心

在全球化及世界經濟一體化之年代，海外投資已成為有助於投資國、被投資國與投資人三方之行為，而對於企業來說，一般風險與海外投資風險最主要之差異，即在於後者將面臨大量的政治風險。隨著全球政治風險增加，以及各種新興政治風險之出現，各國皆開始意識到政治風險保險之重要性，並以公部門之力量支援該險種之發展，國際之私人保險公司亦開發多元承保之商品。然我國政府及保險公司注意到及願意重視者僅為少數，且作為公部門支援者之中國輸出入銀行亦無給予過多之關注。本文主要透過分析企業海外投資時所面臨之政治風險與其保險，並在比較外國與我國之差異後，認為未來可行之建議包括設立專責機構並鼓勵公私合作、明確及擴大保險契約內容、健全追償機制與改善政府之宣導及政策方向。

關鍵字

企業風險；政治風險；政治風險保險；海外投資保險

並列摘要

In the era of economic globalization, overseas investment has become an activity which can help the investing country, the invested country, and the investor. For enterprises, they will face a great deal of political risks when investing abroad compared to general condition. With increase in global political risks and emergence of various emerging political risks, every countries began to realize importance of political risk insurance, and thus supported development of such insurance through public sector. In addition, international private insurance companies have developed diversified insurance products. However, Taiwan government and most insurance companies have not noticed this trend, not to mention attach importance to it. And the Export-Import Bank of the Republic of China, as a supporter to public sector in Taiwan, has also not paid too much attention. This article mainly analyzes political risks and political risk insurance that enterprises may face when investing overseas. After comparing the difference between foreign countries and Taiwan, this article raises the feasible suggestions for future include: (i) setting up a dedicated agency and encouraging public-private partnership, (ii) clarifying and expanding the insurance coverage, (iii) strengthening process of claims, and (iv) improving government's measure of advocacy and policies.