- 學位論文
利用CFD模擬與實驗量測探討植栽對週遭環境微氣候之影響-以新生公園為例
Using CFD Simulations and Measurements to Investigate Vegetation Effects on Surrounding Microclimate: A Case Study for the Taipei Xinsheng Park
摘要
隨著人類科技日新月異，城市溫室與熱島效應亦日益嚴重，造成全球暖化而溫度持續上升。過往研究顯示栽種植栽是有效降低環境溫度的方法，本文即以臺北市新生公園為研究標地，應用數值模擬軟體建立三維、穩態、不可壓縮流與涵括k-ε紊流理論模型、CFD模擬亦考慮太陽輻射模型，同時使用源項加入植栽效應，以準確預測大範圍之速度與溫度場，並探討植栽對流場與溫度場影響。本研究亦架設超音波三軸風速風向計，實地量測新生公園風場之風向與速度，據以驗證CFD流場預測準確性。 本研究分析兩案例，以2010臺北國際花卉博覽會之新生三館（夢想館、天使生活館和未來館）在新生公園之建造前、後相互比較，結果顯示新生公園在新生三館建造後雖減少原本公園之綠覆率，但因新種植的樹木可有效降低週遭環境溫度，並提升舒適度。唯植栽也降低周遭風速，且在其背風面形成迴流，可能引致空氣粒子與污染物堆積的負面影響。
並列摘要
As the fast development of human technology, the urban green-house and heat island effect become more and more serious and cause an increase of global mean temperature. The previous studies have demonstrated that planting vegetation can be an effective way to reduce the environmental temperature. Adopting Taipei Xinsheng Park as a case study, this paper utilizes numerical simulation software to establish the steady-state three-dimensional conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy for the incompressible turbulent flow with a standard k-ε two-equation model for turbulence closure. The solar radiation and vegetation effects were also treated to predict the overall wind and temperature fields. This study also employed the 3D ultrasonic anemometers to conduct the field measurements of the wind direction and speed over the Xinsheng Park for validating the CFD results. The predictions shows that the environmental temperatures are reduced in presence of planting trees with the comfort level improved. However, vegetation reduces ambient wind speed and causes some vortex in its leeward side, causing gathering of particles and pollutants.